Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review
Caffeine is a metabolite derived from purine nucleotides, typically accounting for 2–5% of the dry weight of tea and 1–2% of the dry weight of coffee. In the tea and coffee plants, the main synthesis pathway of caffeine is a four-step sequence consisting of three methylation reactions and one nucleo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2721 |
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| author | Zhipeng Lin Jian Wei Yongqiang Hu Dujuan Pi Mingguo Jiang Tao Lang |
| author_facet | Zhipeng Lin Jian Wei Yongqiang Hu Dujuan Pi Mingguo Jiang Tao Lang |
| author_sort | Zhipeng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Caffeine is a metabolite derived from purine nucleotides, typically accounting for 2–5% of the dry weight of tea and 1–2% of the dry weight of coffee. In the tea and coffee plants, the main synthesis pathway of caffeine is a four-step sequence consisting of three methylation reactions and one nucleosidase reaction using xanthine as a precursor. In bacteria, caffeine degradation occurs mainly through the pathways of N-demethylation and C-8 oxidation. However, a study fully and systematically summarizing the metabolism and application of caffeine in microorganisms has not been established elsewhere. In the present study, we provide a review of the biosynthesis, microbial degradation, gene expression, and application of caffeine microbial degradation. The present review aims to further elaborate the mechanism of caffeine metabolism by microorganisms and explore the development prospects in this field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:04:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62864ab15cce44d990152d43343cb758 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:04:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-62864ab15cce44d990152d43343cb7582023-11-18T19:20:25ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-07-011214272110.3390/foods12142721Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A ReviewZhipeng Lin0Jian Wei1Yongqiang Hu2Dujuan Pi3Mingguo Jiang4Tao Lang5School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, ChinaInstitute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100091, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, ChinaCaffeine is a metabolite derived from purine nucleotides, typically accounting for 2–5% of the dry weight of tea and 1–2% of the dry weight of coffee. In the tea and coffee plants, the main synthesis pathway of caffeine is a four-step sequence consisting of three methylation reactions and one nucleosidase reaction using xanthine as a precursor. In bacteria, caffeine degradation occurs mainly through the pathways of N-demethylation and C-8 oxidation. However, a study fully and systematically summarizing the metabolism and application of caffeine in microorganisms has not been established elsewhere. In the present study, we provide a review of the biosynthesis, microbial degradation, gene expression, and application of caffeine microbial degradation. The present review aims to further elaborate the mechanism of caffeine metabolism by microorganisms and explore the development prospects in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2721caffeineN-demethylationC-8 oxidationmethylxanthinemicroorganisms |
| spellingShingle | Zhipeng Lin Jian Wei Yongqiang Hu Dujuan Pi Mingguo Jiang Tao Lang Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review Foods caffeine N-demethylation C-8 oxidation methylxanthine microorganisms |
| title | Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review |
| title_full | Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review |
| title_fullStr | Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review |
| title_short | Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review |
| title_sort | caffeine synthesis and its mechanism and application by microbial degradation a review |
| topic | caffeine N-demethylation C-8 oxidation methylxanthine microorganisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/14/2721 |
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