Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is defined as a disease in which plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol and other substances found in blood, builds up in arteries. This leads to stiffness and narrowing of the blood vessels resulting in limiting the flow of the blood rich in oxygen to tissues. The nega...

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Main Authors: Agnieszka Nawrocka, Paweł Mlicki, Karolina Matulewicz, Bogusz Olszewski, Jakub Dorobiała, Aleksandra Wyszyńska, Aleksandra Wijata, Marianna Kur, Zuzanna Leśniak, Marta Lewandowska, Jakub Husejko, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kazimierz Wielki University 2019-09-01
Series:Journal of Education, Health and Sport
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7537
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author Agnieszka Nawrocka
Paweł Mlicki
Karolina Matulewicz
Bogusz Olszewski
Jakub Dorobiała
Aleksandra Wyszyńska
Aleksandra Wijata
Marianna Kur
Zuzanna Leśniak
Marta Lewandowska
Jakub Husejko
Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
author_facet Agnieszka Nawrocka
Paweł Mlicki
Karolina Matulewicz
Bogusz Olszewski
Jakub Dorobiała
Aleksandra Wyszyńska
Aleksandra Wijata
Marianna Kur
Zuzanna Leśniak
Marta Lewandowska
Jakub Husejko
Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
author_sort Agnieszka Nawrocka
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Atherosclerosis is defined as a disease in which plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol and other substances found in blood, builds up in arteries. This leads to stiffness and narrowing of the blood vessels resulting in limiting the flow of the blood rich in oxygen to tissues. The negative effect of atherosclerosis among women can be opposed by the female hormones. The aim of the article is to review clinical approach to atherosclerosis in post-menopausal women. Material and methods: Articles in the Google Scholar, Pub Med database have been analysed using keywords: atherosclerosis, plaque, cardiovascular diseases, menopause, postmenopausal women, female hormones, estrogens, older people. Results: Atherosclerosis process in the arterial walls is based on accumulation of lipids accompanied by inflammatory factors. One of the most important risk factors of this disease are quantitative and qualitative changes of the plasma lipoprotein, especially increasement of LDL cholesterol after menopause, which can be evaluated during lab tests. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis and its progress can be performed by using different methods, including physical examination and medical imaging. Development of atherosclerosis leads to peripheral artery disease connected with cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke or heart attack, which be life-threatening and should be immediately treated. Conclusions: This risk of the negative effects of atherosclerosis can be decreased by both lifestyle change and pharmacological treatment. The usage of estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy combined with statins in postmenopausal women presents benefits by the decreasement of LDL cholesterol and the increasement of HDL cholesterol and reduction of calcification of coronary vessels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the time of the start of hormone replacement therapy is crucial – performed too late can result in additional development of atherosclerotic plaque and increasement of the inflammatory processes in the arteries with advanced atherosclerotic changes.
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spelling doaj.art-628af6ee995544e2ad18150d062694152022-12-22T03:06:33ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062019-09-01991049106310.5281/zenodo.34630616626Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal womenAgnieszka Nawrocka0Paweł Mlicki1Karolina Matulewicz2Bogusz Olszewski3Jakub Dorobiała4Aleksandra Wyszyńska5Aleksandra Wijata6Marianna Kur7Zuzanna Leśniak8Marta Lewandowska9Jakub Husejko10Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska11Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńIntroduction: Atherosclerosis is defined as a disease in which plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol and other substances found in blood, builds up in arteries. This leads to stiffness and narrowing of the blood vessels resulting in limiting the flow of the blood rich in oxygen to tissues. The negative effect of atherosclerosis among women can be opposed by the female hormones. The aim of the article is to review clinical approach to atherosclerosis in post-menopausal women. Material and methods: Articles in the Google Scholar, Pub Med database have been analysed using keywords: atherosclerosis, plaque, cardiovascular diseases, menopause, postmenopausal women, female hormones, estrogens, older people. Results: Atherosclerosis process in the arterial walls is based on accumulation of lipids accompanied by inflammatory factors. One of the most important risk factors of this disease are quantitative and qualitative changes of the plasma lipoprotein, especially increasement of LDL cholesterol after menopause, which can be evaluated during lab tests. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis and its progress can be performed by using different methods, including physical examination and medical imaging. Development of atherosclerosis leads to peripheral artery disease connected with cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke or heart attack, which be life-threatening and should be immediately treated. Conclusions: This risk of the negative effects of atherosclerosis can be decreased by both lifestyle change and pharmacological treatment. The usage of estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy combined with statins in postmenopausal women presents benefits by the decreasement of LDL cholesterol and the increasement of HDL cholesterol and reduction of calcification of coronary vessels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the time of the start of hormone replacement therapy is crucial – performed too late can result in additional development of atherosclerotic plaque and increasement of the inflammatory processes in the arteries with advanced atherosclerotic changes.http://www.ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7537atherosclerosisplaquecardiovascular diseasesmenopausepostmenopausal womenfemale hormonesestrogensolder people
spellingShingle Agnieszka Nawrocka
Paweł Mlicki
Karolina Matulewicz
Bogusz Olszewski
Jakub Dorobiała
Aleksandra Wyszyńska
Aleksandra Wijata
Marianna Kur
Zuzanna Leśniak
Marta Lewandowska
Jakub Husejko
Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
Journal of Education, Health and Sport
atherosclerosis
plaque
cardiovascular diseases
menopause
postmenopausal women
female hormones
estrogens
older people
title Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
title_full Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
title_fullStr Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
title_full_unstemmed Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
title_short Atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
title_sort atherosclerosis as a problem in postmenopausal women
topic atherosclerosis
plaque
cardiovascular diseases
menopause
postmenopausal women
female hormones
estrogens
older people
url http://www.ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7537
work_keys_str_mv AT agnieszkanawrocka atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT pawełmlicki atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT karolinamatulewicz atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT boguszolszewski atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT jakubdorobiała atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT aleksandrawyszynska atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT aleksandrawijata atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT mariannakur atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT zuzannalesniak atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT martalewandowska atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT jakubhusejko atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen
AT korneliakedziorakornatowska atherosclerosisasaprobleminpostmenopausalwomen