Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China
In China, the traditional early and late season double rice (DR) system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems: ratoon rice (RR) and rice–crawfish (RC). Three methodologies: economic analysis, emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were emplo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311921638418 |
| _version_ | 1818975566366244864 |
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| author | Yong ZHOU Xiao-yuan YAN Song-ling GONG Cheng-wei LI Rong ZHU Bo ZHU Zhang-yong LIU Xiao-long WANG Peng CAO |
| author_facet | Yong ZHOU Xiao-yuan YAN Song-ling GONG Cheng-wei LI Rong ZHU Bo ZHU Zhang-yong LIU Xiao-long WANG Peng CAO |
| author_sort | Yong ZHOU |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In China, the traditional early and late season double rice (DR) system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems: ratoon rice (RR) and rice–crawfish (RC). Three methodologies: economic analysis, emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change. Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR. The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7% compared with that of DR, respectively. RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water, electricity, juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input, such as irrigation water, electricity, fertilizers and pesticides than DR. The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7–50.4% when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6–112.9%. The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC, whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0–61.0% lower than that of DR. Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR, but RC had a much lower grain yield (a 53.6% reduction compared to DR). These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security, economic and environmental goals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:57:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-628cfd4e65ed43c691785a7571247020 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:57:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-628cfd4e65ed43c691785a75712470202022-12-21T19:34:23ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192022-02-01212566577Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central ChinaYong ZHOU0Xiao-yuan YAN1Song-ling GONG2Cheng-wei LI3Rong ZHU4Bo ZHU5Zhang-yong LIU6Xiao-long WANG7Peng CAO8Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.China; Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.China; Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.China; Correspondence ZHU BoHubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.China; Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland of Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R.ChinaCollege of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R.ChinaAgricultural Technology Extension Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R.ChinaIn China, the traditional early and late season double rice (DR) system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems: ratoon rice (RR) and rice–crawfish (RC). Three methodologies: economic analysis, emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment (LCA) were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change. Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR. The income to costs ratio of RR and RC increased by 25.5 and 122.7% compared with that of DR, respectively. RC had the highest emergy input thanks to increasing irrigation water, electricity, juvenile crawfish and forage input while RR showed a lower total emergy and nonrenewable emergy input, such as irrigation water, electricity, fertilizers and pesticides than DR. The environmental loading ratios decreased by 16.7–50.4% when cropping system changed from DR to RR or from DR to RC while the emergy sustainability indexes increased by 22.6–112.9%. The life cycle assessment indicated lower potential environmental impacts of RR and RC, whose total environmental impact indexes were 35.0–61.0% lower than that of DR. Grain yield of RR was comparable with that of DR in spite of less financial and emergy input of RR, but RC had a much lower grain yield (a 53.6% reduction compared to DR). These results suggested that RR is a suitable cropping system to achieve the food security, economic and environmental goals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311921638418paddy cropping system changeseconomic analysisemergy evaluationLCAfood securitycentral China |
| spellingShingle | Yong ZHOU Xiao-yuan YAN Song-ling GONG Cheng-wei LI Rong ZHU Bo ZHU Zhang-yong LIU Xiao-long WANG Peng CAO Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China Journal of Integrative Agriculture paddy cropping system changes economic analysis emergy evaluation LCA food security central China |
| title | Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China |
| title_full | Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China |
| title_fullStr | Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China |
| title_short | Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China |
| title_sort | changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central china |
| topic | paddy cropping system changes economic analysis emergy evaluation LCA food security central China |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311921638418 |
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