Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade
Nervous system involvement in patients with SLE, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), constitutes a diagnostic challenge, and its management is still poorly optimised. This review summarises recent insights over the past decade in laboratory biomarkers of diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of NPSL...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/192 |
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| author | Julius Lindblom Chandra Mohan Ioannis Parodis |
| author_facet | Julius Lindblom Chandra Mohan Ioannis Parodis |
| author_sort | Julius Lindblom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nervous system involvement in patients with SLE, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), constitutes a diagnostic challenge, and its management is still poorly optimised. This review summarises recent insights over the past decade in laboratory biomarkers of diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of NPSLE. An initial systematic search in the Medline and Web of Science was conducted to guide the selection of articles. Emerging diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE that displayed satisfactory ability to discriminate between NPSLE and controls include serum interleukin (IL)-6, microRNA (miR)-23a, miR-155, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-Klotho. CSF lipocalin-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and immunoglobulin (Ig)M also displayed such ability in two ethnically diverse cohorts. Serum interferon (IFN)-α and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were recently reported to moderately correlate with disease activity in patients with active NPSLE. CSF IL-8, IL-13, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exhibited excellent sensitivity, yet poorer specificity, as predictors of response to therapy in patients with NPSLE. The overall lack of validation studies across multiple and diverse cohorts necessitates further and well-concerted investigations. Nevertheless, we propound CSF lipocalin 2 among molecules that hold promise as reliable diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:27:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62a3d5584e82489eba4e1bd2576ea453 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:27:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-62a3d5584e82489eba4e1bd2576ea4532023-11-23T19:03:02ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-01-0112219210.3390/brainsci12020192Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last DecadeJulius Lindblom0Chandra Mohan1Ioannis Parodis2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USADivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, SwedenNervous system involvement in patients with SLE, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), constitutes a diagnostic challenge, and its management is still poorly optimised. This review summarises recent insights over the past decade in laboratory biomarkers of diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of NPSLE. An initial systematic search in the Medline and Web of Science was conducted to guide the selection of articles. Emerging diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE that displayed satisfactory ability to discriminate between NPSLE and controls include serum interleukin (IL)-6, microRNA (miR)-23a, miR-155, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-Klotho. CSF lipocalin-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and immunoglobulin (Ig)M also displayed such ability in two ethnically diverse cohorts. Serum interferon (IFN)-α and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were recently reported to moderately correlate with disease activity in patients with active NPSLE. CSF IL-8, IL-13, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exhibited excellent sensitivity, yet poorer specificity, as predictors of response to therapy in patients with NPSLE. The overall lack of validation studies across multiple and diverse cohorts necessitates further and well-concerted investigations. Nevertheless, we propound CSF lipocalin 2 among molecules that hold promise as reliable diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/192systemic lupus erythematosusneuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosusbiomarkersdiagnosismonitoringprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Julius Lindblom Chandra Mohan Ioannis Parodis Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade Brain Sciences systemic lupus erythematosus neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers diagnosis monitoring prognosis |
| title | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade |
| title_full | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade |
| title_short | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade |
| title_sort | biomarkers in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus a systematic literature review of the last decade |
| topic | systemic lupus erythematosus neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers diagnosis monitoring prognosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/192 |
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