Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling
We aimed to analyze the increase in the sleep-promoting effects based on the mixed ratio of botanical extracts, <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> seeds, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> fruits, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> leaves, using animal models. Behavioral analyses, including an...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/1 |
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| author | Gi Yeon Bae Kayoung Ko Eunseon Yang Sung-Soo Park Hyung Joo Suh Ki-Bae Hong |
| author_facet | Gi Yeon Bae Kayoung Ko Eunseon Yang Sung-Soo Park Hyung Joo Suh Ki-Bae Hong |
| author_sort | Gi Yeon Bae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We aimed to analyze the increase in the sleep-promoting effects based on the mixed ratio of botanical extracts, <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> seeds, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> fruits, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> leaves, using animal models. Behavioral analyses, including an analysis of the total sleep time of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, were conducted to select the optimal mixed ratio of the three botanical extracts. The effects were verified in a caffeine-induced sleepless model, specific neurotransmitter receptor antagonists, and ICR mice. In <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> exposed to 2.0% of each extract, group behavior was significantly reduced, and the mixed extracts of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>sativa</i> (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) significantly increased the total sleep time with individual fruit flies. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, mixed extracts (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) led to the highest increase in total sleep time. An analysis of locomotor ability revealed a significant reduction in the mobility percentage in the mixed extract groups (0:0:1, 1:0:1, 1:1:1, 4:1:1, and 1:4:1). The administration of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i> extract and mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased the expression of GABA<sub>A</sub>-R, whereas the administration of the mixed extracts (4:1:1) and (1:4:1) significantly increased the expression of GABAB-<sub>R</sub>1 and GABAB-<sub>R</sub>2, respectively. <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i> extract and the mixed ratio (1:4:1) reduced the subjective nighttime movement and increased the total sleep time in the presence of flumazenil. An analysis of ICR mice indicated that the administration of mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased sleep duration in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the mixed ratio of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>sativa</i> extracts, particularly the mixed ratio of 4:1:1, may have sleep-enhancing effects in fruit flies and mice. The study also identified changes in gene expression related to GABA receptors, indicating the potential mechanism for the observed sleep-promoting effects. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-62a79bd67b464d799afd7db95858b7bd2024-01-10T14:56:32ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-12-01131110.3390/foods13010001Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic SignalingGi Yeon Bae0Kayoung Ko1Eunseon Yang2Sung-Soo Park3Hyung Joo Suh4Ki-Bae Hong5Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaWe aimed to analyze the increase in the sleep-promoting effects based on the mixed ratio of botanical extracts, <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> seeds, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> fruits, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> leaves, using animal models. Behavioral analyses, including an analysis of the total sleep time of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, were conducted to select the optimal mixed ratio of the three botanical extracts. The effects were verified in a caffeine-induced sleepless model, specific neurotransmitter receptor antagonists, and ICR mice. In <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> exposed to 2.0% of each extract, group behavior was significantly reduced, and the mixed extracts of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>sativa</i> (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) significantly increased the total sleep time with individual fruit flies. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, mixed extracts (4:1:1 and 1:4:1) led to the highest increase in total sleep time. An analysis of locomotor ability revealed a significant reduction in the mobility percentage in the mixed extract groups (0:0:1, 1:0:1, 1:1:1, 4:1:1, and 1:4:1). The administration of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i> extract and mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased the expression of GABA<sub>A</sub>-R, whereas the administration of the mixed extracts (4:1:1) and (1:4:1) significantly increased the expression of GABAB-<sub>R</sub>1 and GABAB-<sub>R</sub>2, respectively. <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i> extract and the mixed ratio (1:4:1) reduced the subjective nighttime movement and increased the total sleep time in the presence of flumazenil. An analysis of ICR mice indicated that the administration of mixed extracts (4:1:1) significantly increased sleep duration in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the mixed ratio of <i>Z</i>. <i>jujuba</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>longan</i>, and <i>L</i>. <i>sativa</i> extracts, particularly the mixed ratio of 4:1:1, may have sleep-enhancing effects in fruit flies and mice. The study also identified changes in gene expression related to GABA receptors, indicating the potential mechanism for the observed sleep-promoting effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/1botanical extractsleep promotioninvertebratevertebratebehavioral changes |
| spellingShingle | Gi Yeon Bae Kayoung Ko Eunseon Yang Sung-Soo Park Hyung Joo Suh Ki-Bae Hong Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling Foods botanical extract sleep promotion invertebrate vertebrate behavioral changes |
| title | Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling |
| title_full | Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling |
| title_fullStr | Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling |
| title_short | Combined Effects of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>, <i>Dimocarpus longan</i>, and <i>Lactuca sativa</i> on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling |
| title_sort | combined effects of i ziziphus jujuba i i dimocarpus longan i and i lactuca sativa i on sleep related behaviors through gabaergic signaling |
| topic | botanical extract sleep promotion invertebrate vertebrate behavioral changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/1 |
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