Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo
Endodontic infections are often interkingdom biofilms, though current clinical management rarely considers this phenomenon. This study aimed to evaluate new and standard endodontic antimicrobial regimens against simple and complex <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecali...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/634 |
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| author | Om Alkhir Alshanta Saeed Alqahtani Suror Shaban Khawlah Albashaireh William McLean Gordon Ramage |
| author_facet | Om Alkhir Alshanta Saeed Alqahtani Suror Shaban Khawlah Albashaireh William McLean Gordon Ramage |
| author_sort | Om Alkhir Alshanta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endodontic infections are often interkingdom biofilms, though current clinical management rarely considers this phenomenon. This study aimed to evaluate new and standard endodontic antimicrobial regimens against simple and complex <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> mono- and dual-species biofilms. <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> mono- and dual-species biofilms were grown upon Thermanox™ coverslips and treated for 5 min with 3% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA, or 9% HEDP dissolved in 3% NaOCl. The number of cells remaining immediately after treatment at 0 h and after 72 h of regrowth were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR. All three treatment arms showed a similar positive antimicrobial effect on <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> in both mono- and dual-species biofilms following initial treatment, resulting in ≥98% reduction in colony forming equivalent (CFE). Regardless of species or biofilm type (mono- or dual- species), the antimicrobial effect of NaOCl:HEDP mixture was comparable to that of NaOCl alone, with both showing significant regrowth after 72 h, whereas sequential treatment with NaOCl and EDTA consistently prevented significant regrowth. Our data suggest that sequential irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA remains the antimicrobial strategy of choice as it significantly reduces biofilm persistence and regrowth in our experimental dual-species biofilm conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:08:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62c3578aed6445d086c23689c3f651d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:08:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-62c3578aed6445d086c23689c3f651d02023-11-20T14:39:46ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-09-019963410.3390/antibiotics9090634Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status QuoOm Alkhir Alshanta0Saeed Alqahtani1Suror Shaban2Khawlah Albashaireh3William McLean4Gordon Ramage5Glasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKGlasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKGlasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKGlasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKGlasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKGlasgow Endodontology Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QF, UKEndodontic infections are often interkingdom biofilms, though current clinical management rarely considers this phenomenon. This study aimed to evaluate new and standard endodontic antimicrobial regimens against simple and complex <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> mono- and dual-species biofilms. <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> mono- and dual-species biofilms were grown upon Thermanox™ coverslips and treated for 5 min with 3% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA, or 9% HEDP dissolved in 3% NaOCl. The number of cells remaining immediately after treatment at 0 h and after 72 h of regrowth were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR. All three treatment arms showed a similar positive antimicrobial effect on <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> in both mono- and dual-species biofilms following initial treatment, resulting in ≥98% reduction in colony forming equivalent (CFE). Regardless of species or biofilm type (mono- or dual- species), the antimicrobial effect of NaOCl:HEDP mixture was comparable to that of NaOCl alone, with both showing significant regrowth after 72 h, whereas sequential treatment with NaOCl and EDTA consistently prevented significant regrowth. Our data suggest that sequential irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA remains the antimicrobial strategy of choice as it significantly reduces biofilm persistence and regrowth in our experimental dual-species biofilm conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/634Interkingdombiofilm<i>Candida albicans</i><i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>EDTANaOCl |
| spellingShingle | Om Alkhir Alshanta Saeed Alqahtani Suror Shaban Khawlah Albashaireh William McLean Gordon Ramage Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo Antibiotics Interkingdom biofilm <i>Candida albicans</i> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EDTA NaOCl |
| title | Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo |
| title_full | Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo |
| title_short | Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo |
| title_sort | comparison of three endodontic irrigant regimens against dual species interkingdom biofilms considerations for maintaining the status quo |
| topic | Interkingdom biofilm <i>Candida albicans</i> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EDTA NaOCl |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/634 |
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