Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India
The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in animal foods and injudicious antibiotic use in the dairy sector pose significant threats to public health. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with a strategic sample of four stakeholder groups (114 pa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/9/1229 |
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| author | Deepthi Vijay Jasbir Singh Bedi Pankaj Dhaka Randhir Singh Jaswinder Singh Anil Kumar Arora Jatinder Paul Singh Gill |
| author_facet | Deepthi Vijay Jasbir Singh Bedi Pankaj Dhaka Randhir Singh Jaswinder Singh Anil Kumar Arora Jatinder Paul Singh Gill |
| author_sort | Deepthi Vijay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in animal foods and injudicious antibiotic use in the dairy sector pose significant threats to public health. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with a strategic sample of four stakeholder groups (114 participants) associated with antibiotic usage in the dairy sector of Punjab. The FGDs were conducted among veterinarians (<i>n</i> = 56), para-veterinarians (<i>n</i> = 28), and KIIs were conducted among chemists (<i>n</i> = 18) and dairy quality managers (<i>n</i> = 12) during 2020–2021. FGDs and qualitative interviews of various stakeholders depict existing risk practices in the fields that may promote antimicrobial resistance. The present study revealed that widely prevalent quackery (treatment practices carried out by unauthorized persons without any recognized diploma/degree) and self-treatment by farmers, over-the-counter availability of antibiotics, low veterinarian per animal ratio, and lack of awareness among the society about the potential public health effects of antimicrobial resistance were the main risk factors for injudicious antibiotic use in the dairy sector. The present study involved a comprehensive approach targeting the stakeholders in the dairy sector and their reflections on judicious antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance adapted to the dairy farming of Punjab. There is an urgent need for the advocation of policies that consider the specific challenges faced by the dairy sector to simultaneously improve access to veterinary services as well as strengthen antibiotic stewardship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62d1762785764fb69430cf6c40d35ada |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:54:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-62d1762785764fb69430cf6c40d35ada2023-11-23T14:45:13ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-09-01119122910.3390/antibiotics11091229Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, IndiaDeepthi Vijay0Jasbir Singh Bedi1Pankaj Dhaka2Randhir Singh3Jaswinder Singh4Anil Kumar Arora5Jatinder Paul Singh Gill6Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaCentre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaCentre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaCentre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaCentre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaThe rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in animal foods and injudicious antibiotic use in the dairy sector pose significant threats to public health. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with a strategic sample of four stakeholder groups (114 participants) associated with antibiotic usage in the dairy sector of Punjab. The FGDs were conducted among veterinarians (<i>n</i> = 56), para-veterinarians (<i>n</i> = 28), and KIIs were conducted among chemists (<i>n</i> = 18) and dairy quality managers (<i>n</i> = 12) during 2020–2021. FGDs and qualitative interviews of various stakeholders depict existing risk practices in the fields that may promote antimicrobial resistance. The present study revealed that widely prevalent quackery (treatment practices carried out by unauthorized persons without any recognized diploma/degree) and self-treatment by farmers, over-the-counter availability of antibiotics, low veterinarian per animal ratio, and lack of awareness among the society about the potential public health effects of antimicrobial resistance were the main risk factors for injudicious antibiotic use in the dairy sector. The present study involved a comprehensive approach targeting the stakeholders in the dairy sector and their reflections on judicious antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance adapted to the dairy farming of Punjab. There is an urgent need for the advocation of policies that consider the specific challenges faced by the dairy sector to simultaneously improve access to veterinary services as well as strengthen antibiotic stewardship.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/9/1229antimicrobial resistancedairy chainqualitative analysisstewardshipveterinary services |
| spellingShingle | Deepthi Vijay Jasbir Singh Bedi Pankaj Dhaka Randhir Singh Jaswinder Singh Anil Kumar Arora Jatinder Paul Singh Gill Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance dairy chain qualitative analysis stewardship veterinary services |
| title | Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India |
| title_full | Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India |
| title_fullStr | Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India |
| title_short | Qualitative Study on Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in the Dairy Chain: A Situation Analysis and Solutions by Stakeholders from Punjab, India |
| title_sort | qualitative study on antimicrobial usage and resistance in the dairy chain a situation analysis and solutions by stakeholders from punjab india |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance dairy chain qualitative analysis stewardship veterinary services |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/9/1229 |
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