In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
In the present work, the anthelmintic activity (AA) of ethanolic extracts obtained from <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> was evaluated using the third-stage-larval (L<sub>3</sub>) exsheathment inhi...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/13/3002 |
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| author | Néstor Romero Carlos Areche Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas Natalia Escobar Olimpo García-Beltrán Mario J. Simirgiotis Ángel Céspedes |
| author_facet | Néstor Romero Carlos Areche Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas Natalia Escobar Olimpo García-Beltrán Mario J. Simirgiotis Ángel Céspedes |
| author_sort | Néstor Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, the anthelmintic activity (AA) of ethanolic extracts obtained from <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> was evaluated using the third-stage-larval (L<sub>3</sub>) exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT) and egg hatch test (EHT) on <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>. Extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL. The larval exsheathment inhibition (LEI) results showed that <i>G. sepium</i> achieved the highest average inhibition of 91.2%, compared with 44.6% for <i>P. dulce</i> and 41.0% for <i>L. leucocephala</i> at a concentration of 40 mg/mL; the corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> values were 22.4, 41.7, and 43.3 mg/mL, respectively. The rates of egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL were 99.5% for <i>G. sepium</i>, 64.2% for <i>P. dulce</i>, and 54% for <i>L. leucocephala</i>; the corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> values were 1.9 mg/mL for <i>G. sepium</i>, 3.9 mg/mL for <i>P. dulce</i>, and 4.3 mg/mL for <i>L. leucocephala</i>. The species extracts studied here were also analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS), resulting in the compounds’ identification associated with AA. Glycosylated flavonoids and methoxyphenols were observed in all three species: fatty acids in <i>G. sepium</i> and <i>P. dulce</i>; phenylpropanoids, anthraquinone glycosides, amino acids and glycosylated phenolic acids in <i>G. sepium</i>; and flavonoids in <i>L. leucocephala.</i> Comparatively, <i>G. sepium</i> presented a greater diversity of compounds potentially active against the control of gastrointestinal nematodes, which was associated with the results obtained in the applied tests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:46:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:46:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-62d66e5ee15343e0ac7a1f3aa094c2c12023-11-20T05:28:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-06-012513300210.3390/molecules25133002In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass SpectrometryNéstor Romero0Carlos Areche1Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas2Natalia Escobar3Olimpo García-Beltrán4Mario J. Simirgiotis5Ángel Céspedes6Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730001, ColombiaDepartamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, ChileGrupo de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y Bienestar Animal, Laboratorio de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Agrosavia, Mosquera 250047, ColombiaFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá 252212, ColombiaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, ColombiaInstituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730001, ColombiaIn the present work, the anthelmintic activity (AA) of ethanolic extracts obtained from <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> was evaluated using the third-stage-larval (L<sub>3</sub>) exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT) and egg hatch test (EHT) on <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>. Extracts were tested at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL. The larval exsheathment inhibition (LEI) results showed that <i>G. sepium</i> achieved the highest average inhibition of 91.2%, compared with 44.6% for <i>P. dulce</i> and 41.0% for <i>L. leucocephala</i> at a concentration of 40 mg/mL; the corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> values were 22.4, 41.7, and 43.3 mg/mL, respectively. The rates of egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL were 99.5% for <i>G. sepium</i>, 64.2% for <i>P. dulce</i>, and 54% for <i>L. leucocephala</i>; the corresponding IC<sub>50</sub> values were 1.9 mg/mL for <i>G. sepium</i>, 3.9 mg/mL for <i>P. dulce</i>, and 4.3 mg/mL for <i>L. leucocephala</i>. The species extracts studied here were also analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS), resulting in the compounds’ identification associated with AA. Glycosylated flavonoids and methoxyphenols were observed in all three species: fatty acids in <i>G. sepium</i> and <i>P. dulce</i>; phenylpropanoids, anthraquinone glycosides, amino acids and glycosylated phenolic acids in <i>G. sepium</i>; and flavonoids in <i>L. leucocephala.</i> Comparatively, <i>G. sepium</i> presented a greater diversity of compounds potentially active against the control of gastrointestinal nematodes, which was associated with the results obtained in the applied tests.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/13/3002<i>Gliricidia sepium</i><i>Leucaena leucocephala</i><i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>UHPLC-MS<i>anthelminthic</i><i>Haemonchus contortus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Néstor Romero Carlos Areche Jaime Cubides-Cárdenas Natalia Escobar Olimpo García-Beltrán Mario J. Simirgiotis Ángel Céspedes In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Molecules <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> UHPLC-MS <i>anthelminthic</i> <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> |
| title | In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | In Vitro Anthelmintic Evaluation of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>: Fingerprint Analysis of Extracts by UHPLC-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of i gliricidia sepium i i leucaena leucocephala i and i pithecellobium dulce i fingerprint analysis of extracts by uhplc orbitrap mass spectrometry |
| topic | <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> UHPLC-MS <i>anthelminthic</i> <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/13/3002 |
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