Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex structure in the body, consisting of multiple cell types with distinct morphology and function. Development of the neuronal circuit and its function rely on a continuous crosstalk between neurons and non-neural cells. It has been widely accepted t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9428 |
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| author | Ana Rita Gomes Nasim Bahram Sangani Tiago G. Fernandes M. Margarida Diogo Leopold M. G. Curfs Chris P. Reutelingsperger |
| author_facet | Ana Rita Gomes Nasim Bahram Sangani Tiago G. Fernandes M. Margarida Diogo Leopold M. G. Curfs Chris P. Reutelingsperger |
| author_sort | Ana Rita Gomes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex structure in the body, consisting of multiple cell types with distinct morphology and function. Development of the neuronal circuit and its function rely on a continuous crosstalk between neurons and non-neural cells. It has been widely accepted that extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes, are effective entities responsible for intercellular CNS communication. They contain membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs. Their cargo modulates gene and protein expression in recipient cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that EVs play a role in modifying signal transduction with subsequent physiological changes in neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis and network circuit formation and activity, as well as synaptic pruning and myelination. Several studies demonstrate that neural and non-neural EVs play an important role in physiological and pathological neurodevelopment. The present review discusses the role of EVs in various neurodevelopmental disorders and the prospects of using EVs as disease biomarkers and therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:09:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62d70603ed2d4a209a2326cd2eca7256 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:09:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-62d70603ed2d4a209a2326cd2eca72562023-11-21T00:20:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012124942810.3390/ijms21249428Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental DisordersAna Rita Gomes0Nasim Bahram Sangani1Tiago G. Fernandes2M. Margarida Diogo3Leopold M. G. Curfs4Chris P. Reutelingsperger5Department of Bioengineering and IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Bioengineering and IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Bioengineering and IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalGKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsThe central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex structure in the body, consisting of multiple cell types with distinct morphology and function. Development of the neuronal circuit and its function rely on a continuous crosstalk between neurons and non-neural cells. It has been widely accepted that extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes, are effective entities responsible for intercellular CNS communication. They contain membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs. Their cargo modulates gene and protein expression in recipient cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that EVs play a role in modifying signal transduction with subsequent physiological changes in neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis and network circuit formation and activity, as well as synaptic pruning and myelination. Several studies demonstrate that neural and non-neural EVs play an important role in physiological and pathological neurodevelopment. The present review discusses the role of EVs in various neurodevelopmental disorders and the prospects of using EVs as disease biomarkers and therapeutics.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9428neurodevelopmental disordersextracellular vesiclesexosomesmicrovesiclesCNSneurons |
| spellingShingle | Ana Rita Gomes Nasim Bahram Sangani Tiago G. Fernandes M. Margarida Diogo Leopold M. G. Curfs Chris P. Reutelingsperger Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders International Journal of Molecular Sciences neurodevelopmental disorders extracellular vesicles exosomes microvesicles CNS neurons |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders |
| title_full | Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders |
| title_short | Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Developmental Disorders |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles in cns developmental disorders |
| topic | neurodevelopmental disorders extracellular vesicles exosomes microvesicles CNS neurons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9428 |
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