Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania
Abstract Background Existing control tools have significantly reduced malaria over the past two decades. However, progress has been stalled due to increased resistance in primary vectors and the increasing role of secondary vectors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal change on pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05586-z |
| _version_ | 1797977595187298304 |
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| author | Godfrey C. Katusi Marie R. G. Hermy Samwely M. Makayula Rickard Ignell Nicodem J. Govella Sharon R. Hill Ladslaus L. Mnyone |
| author_facet | Godfrey C. Katusi Marie R. G. Hermy Samwely M. Makayula Rickard Ignell Nicodem J. Govella Sharon R. Hill Ladslaus L. Mnyone |
| author_sort | Godfrey C. Katusi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Existing control tools have significantly reduced malaria over the past two decades. However, progress has been stalled due to increased resistance in primary vectors and the increasing role of secondary vectors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal change on primary and secondary vector abundance and host preference. Understanding the impact of seasonal dynamics of primary and secondary vectors on disease transmission will inform effective strategies for vector management and control. Methods Vector abundance was measured through longitudinal collection of mosquitoes, conducted monthly during the wet and dry seasons, in Sagamaganga, a village in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Mosquitoes were collected indoors using CDC light traps and backpack aspirators, and outdoors using resting buckets baited with cattle urine. In addition, a direct measure of host preference was taken monthly using human- and cattle-baited mosquito electrocuting traps. A host census was conducted to provide an indirect measure of host preference together with monthly blood meal source analysis. All collected mosquitoes were assayed for Plasmodium sporozoites. Results A total of 2828 anophelines were collected, of which 78.5% and 21.4%, were primary and secondary vectors, respectively. The abundance of the primary vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus, and of the secondary vectors varied seasonally. Indirect measures of host preference indicated that all vectors varied blood meal choice seasonally, with the direct measure confirming this for An. arabiensis. All anopheline mosquitoes tested negative for sporozoites. Conclusions At the study location, the abundance of both primary and secondary vectors changed seasonally. Indirect and direct measures of host preference demonstrated that An. arabiensis varied from being zoophilic to being more opportunistic during the wet and dry seasons. A similar trend was observed for the other vectors. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:09:37Z |
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| id | doaj.art-62db12c1127c4b8dba7b3f140213fb02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-62db12c1127c4b8dba7b3f140213fb022022-12-25T12:06:47ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052022-12-0115111410.1186/s13071-022-05586-zSeasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern TanzaniaGodfrey C. Katusi0Marie R. G. Hermy1Samwely M. Makayula2Rickard Ignell3Nicodem J. Govella4Sharon R. Hill5Ladslaus L. Mnyone6Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDisease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDisease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteDisease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesPest Management Centre, Sokoine University of AgricultureAbstract Background Existing control tools have significantly reduced malaria over the past two decades. However, progress has been stalled due to increased resistance in primary vectors and the increasing role of secondary vectors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal change on primary and secondary vector abundance and host preference. Understanding the impact of seasonal dynamics of primary and secondary vectors on disease transmission will inform effective strategies for vector management and control. Methods Vector abundance was measured through longitudinal collection of mosquitoes, conducted monthly during the wet and dry seasons, in Sagamaganga, a village in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Mosquitoes were collected indoors using CDC light traps and backpack aspirators, and outdoors using resting buckets baited with cattle urine. In addition, a direct measure of host preference was taken monthly using human- and cattle-baited mosquito electrocuting traps. A host census was conducted to provide an indirect measure of host preference together with monthly blood meal source analysis. All collected mosquitoes were assayed for Plasmodium sporozoites. Results A total of 2828 anophelines were collected, of which 78.5% and 21.4%, were primary and secondary vectors, respectively. The abundance of the primary vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus, and of the secondary vectors varied seasonally. Indirect measures of host preference indicated that all vectors varied blood meal choice seasonally, with the direct measure confirming this for An. arabiensis. All anopheline mosquitoes tested negative for sporozoites. Conclusions At the study location, the abundance of both primary and secondary vectors changed seasonally. Indirect and direct measures of host preference demonstrated that An. arabiensis varied from being zoophilic to being more opportunistic during the wet and dry seasons. A similar trend was observed for the other vectors. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05586-zMosquitoAbundanceBlood meal sourceHost preferenceSporozoites |
| spellingShingle | Godfrey C. Katusi Marie R. G. Hermy Samwely M. Makayula Rickard Ignell Nicodem J. Govella Sharon R. Hill Ladslaus L. Mnyone Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania Parasites & Vectors Mosquito Abundance Blood meal source Host preference Sporozoites |
| title | Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania |
| title_full | Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania |
| title_short | Seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania |
| title_sort | seasonal variation in abundance and blood meal sources of primary and secondary malaria vectors within kilombero valley southern tanzania |
| topic | Mosquito Abundance Blood meal source Host preference Sporozoites |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05586-z |
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