What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City
Low-income residents are among the most vulnerable groups to climate change in urban areas, particularly regarding heat stress. However, their perceptions about heat and the impacts they face go often undocumented, and are seldom considered in decision-making processes delivering adaptation. This pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-07-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/8/229 |
| _version_ | 1818272369662230528 |
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| author | Sadra Matmir Diana Reckien Johannes Flacke |
| author_facet | Sadra Matmir Diana Reckien Johannes Flacke |
| author_sort | Sadra Matmir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-income residents are among the most vulnerable groups to climate change in urban areas, particularly regarding heat stress. However, their perceptions about heat and the impacts they face go often undocumented, and are seldom considered in decision-making processes delivering adaptation. This paper presents a robust tool to allow the integration of perception, concerns and impacts of different income groups in urban adaptation planning and governance, using the City of New York as a case study. Employing online interviews—a solid method to reach poorer households—and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, we compare impacts and adaptation perception to heat and simulate adaptation scenarios. Results reveal that lower income groups are more concerned about impacts of heat waves than middle- and high-income populations. All income groups see citizens more in charge of adaptation, although more people from the lower income groups regard it necessary to do much more to protect themselves, proportionately more people from the higher income groups think they are doing the right amount. The scenario analysis shows that, compared to investments in the water/electricity and health system, improvements in the transit system would yield the largest decrease in negative impacts during heat, benefitting all income groups jointly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:40:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62dc29302c5744a8bf0fa61eac3e871c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-62dc29302c5744a8bf0fa61eac3e871c2022-12-22T00:11:02ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642017-07-016822910.3390/ijgi6080229ijgi6080229What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York CitySadra Matmir0Diana Reckien1Johannes Flacke2Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-information Management, ITC Faculty, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-information Management, ITC Faculty, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-information Management, ITC Faculty, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsLow-income residents are among the most vulnerable groups to climate change in urban areas, particularly regarding heat stress. However, their perceptions about heat and the impacts they face go often undocumented, and are seldom considered in decision-making processes delivering adaptation. This paper presents a robust tool to allow the integration of perception, concerns and impacts of different income groups in urban adaptation planning and governance, using the City of New York as a case study. Employing online interviews—a solid method to reach poorer households—and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, we compare impacts and adaptation perception to heat and simulate adaptation scenarios. Results reveal that lower income groups are more concerned about impacts of heat waves than middle- and high-income populations. All income groups see citizens more in charge of adaptation, although more people from the lower income groups regard it necessary to do much more to protect themselves, proportionately more people from the higher income groups think they are doing the right amount. The scenario analysis shows that, compared to investments in the water/electricity and health system, improvements in the transit system would yield the largest decrease in negative impacts during heat, benefitting all income groups jointly.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/8/229climate changeclimate governancevulnerabilityheat waveFCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping)New York Cityincome groups |
| spellingShingle | Sadra Matmir Diana Reckien Johannes Flacke What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information climate change climate governance vulnerability heat wave FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) New York City income groups |
| title | What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City |
| title_full | What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City |
| title_fullStr | What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City |
| title_full_unstemmed | What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City |
| title_short | What do New Yorkers Think about Impacts and Adaptation to Heat Waves? An Evaluation Tool to Incorporate Perception of Low-Income Groups into Heat Wave Adaptation Scenarios in New York City |
| title_sort | what do new yorkers think about impacts and adaptation to heat waves an evaluation tool to incorporate perception of low income groups into heat wave adaptation scenarios in new york city |
| topic | climate change climate governance vulnerability heat wave FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) New York City income groups |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/8/229 |
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