Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults
IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is prevalent among young people, and neurological involvement has been reported. We investigated neurological symptoms, cognitive test results, and biomarkers of brain injury, as well as associations between these variables in non-hospitalized adolesce...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.915712/full |
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| author | Lise Beier Havdal Lise Lund Berven Joel Selvakumar Joel Selvakumar Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Truls Michael Leegaard Truls Michael Leegaard Trygve Tjade Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Kaj Blennow Kaj Blennow Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller |
| author_facet | Lise Beier Havdal Lise Lund Berven Joel Selvakumar Joel Selvakumar Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Truls Michael Leegaard Truls Michael Leegaard Trygve Tjade Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Kaj Blennow Kaj Blennow Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller |
| author_sort | Lise Beier Havdal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is prevalent among young people, and neurological involvement has been reported. We investigated neurological symptoms, cognitive test results, and biomarkers of brain injury, as well as associations between these variables in non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19.MethodsThis study reports baseline findings from an ongoing observational cohort study of COVID-19 cases and non-COVID controls aged 12–25 years (Clinical Trials ID: NCT04686734). Symptoms were charted using a standardized questionnaire. Cognitive performance was evaluated by applying tests of working memory, verbal learning, delayed recall, and recognition. The brain injury biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), were assayed in serum samples using ultrasensitive immunoassays.ResultsA total of 405 COVID-19 cases and 111 non-COVID cases were prospectively included. Serum Nfl and GFAp concentrations were significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases as compared with non-COVID controls (p = 0.050 and p = 0.014, respectively). The COVID-19 cases reported more fatigue (p < 0.001) and post-exertional malaise (PEM) (p = 0.001) compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Cognitive test performance and clinical neurological examination did not differ across the two groups. Within the COVID-19 group, there were no associations between symptoms, cognitive test results, and NfL or GFAp levels. However, fatigue and PEM were strongly associated with older age and female sex.ConclusionsNon-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19 reported more fatigue and PEM and had slightly elevated levels of brain injury markers, but showed normal cognitive performance. No associations were found between symptoms, brain injury markers, and cognitive test results, but fatigue and PEM were strongly related to female sex and older age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:37:24Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:37:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-62e0dd50292f44c0a41de6acae2bd2662022-12-22T00:19:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952022-06-011310.3389/fneur.2022.915712915712Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young AdultsLise Beier Havdal0Lise Lund Berven1Joel Selvakumar2Joel Selvakumar3Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud4Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud5Truls Michael Leegaard6Truls Michael Leegaard7Trygve Tjade8Henrik Zetterberg9Henrik Zetterberg10Henrik Zetterberg11Henrik Zetterberg12Henrik Zetterberg13Kaj Blennow14Kaj Blennow15Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller16Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller17Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayFürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United KingdomUK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom0Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenClinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is prevalent among young people, and neurological involvement has been reported. We investigated neurological symptoms, cognitive test results, and biomarkers of brain injury, as well as associations between these variables in non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19.MethodsThis study reports baseline findings from an ongoing observational cohort study of COVID-19 cases and non-COVID controls aged 12–25 years (Clinical Trials ID: NCT04686734). Symptoms were charted using a standardized questionnaire. Cognitive performance was evaluated by applying tests of working memory, verbal learning, delayed recall, and recognition. The brain injury biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), were assayed in serum samples using ultrasensitive immunoassays.ResultsA total of 405 COVID-19 cases and 111 non-COVID cases were prospectively included. Serum Nfl and GFAp concentrations were significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases as compared with non-COVID controls (p = 0.050 and p = 0.014, respectively). The COVID-19 cases reported more fatigue (p < 0.001) and post-exertional malaise (PEM) (p = 0.001) compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Cognitive test performance and clinical neurological examination did not differ across the two groups. Within the COVID-19 group, there were no associations between symptoms, cognitive test results, and NfL or GFAp levels. However, fatigue and PEM were strongly associated with older age and female sex.ConclusionsNon-hospitalized adolescents and young adults with COVID-19 reported more fatigue and PEM and had slightly elevated levels of brain injury markers, but showed normal cognitive performance. No associations were found between symptoms, brain injury markers, and cognitive test results, but fatigue and PEM were strongly related to female sex and older age.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.915712/fullCOVID-19post-COVID syndromecognitive functionsadolescentsglial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp)Neurofilament (NF) |
| spellingShingle | Lise Beier Havdal Lise Lund Berven Joel Selvakumar Joel Selvakumar Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Tonje Stiansen-Sonerud Truls Michael Leegaard Truls Michael Leegaard Trygve Tjade Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Henrik Zetterberg Kaj Blennow Kaj Blennow Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults Frontiers in Neurology COVID-19 post-COVID syndrome cognitive functions adolescents glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) Neurofilament (NF) |
| title | Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_full | Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_short | Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Among Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_sort | neurological involvement in covid 19 among non hospitalized adolescents and young adults |
| topic | COVID-19 post-COVID syndrome cognitive functions adolescents glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) Neurofilament (NF) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.915712/full |
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