Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease
Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study so...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecular Neurodegeneration |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00427-6 |
| _version_ | 1818665128736849920 |
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| author | Velma T. E. Aho Madelyn C. Houser Pedro A. B. Pereira Jianjun Chang Knut Rudi Lars Paulin Vicki Hertzberg Petri Auvinen Malú G. Tansey Filip Scheperjans |
| author_facet | Velma T. E. Aho Madelyn C. Houser Pedro A. B. Pereira Jianjun Chang Knut Rudi Lars Paulin Vicki Hertzberg Petri Auvinen Malú G. Tansey Filip Scheperjans |
| author_sort | Velma T. E. Aho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate their interrelations and links to clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool and plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 56 controls. Levels of stool SCFAs and stool and plasma inflammatory and permeability markers were compared between patients and controls and related to one another and to the gut microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased and SCFAs decreased in stool in PD in a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory markers in plasma and stool were neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at PD onset was positively correlated with SCFAs and negatively correlated with CXCL8 and IL-1β in stool. Fecal zonulin correlated positively with fecal NGAL and negatively with PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity and composition were linked to levels of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and zonulin in stool. Certain relationships differed between patients and controls and by sex. Conclusions Intestinal inflammatory responses and reductions in fecal SCFAs occur in PD, are related to the microbiota and to disease onset, and are not reflected in plasma inflammatory profiles. Some of these relationships are distinct in PD and are sex-dependent. This study revealed potential alterations in microbiota-host interactions and links between earlier PD onset and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduced SCFA levels, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways which may contribute to PD pathogenesis and clinical presentation and which warrant further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:43:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62e11fcfd73d4e62812cf8a1ab31083e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1750-1326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:43:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Neurodegeneration |
| spelling | doaj.art-62e11fcfd73d4e62812cf8a1ab31083e2022-12-21T22:01:22ZengBMCMolecular Neurodegeneration1750-13262021-02-0116111410.1186/s13024-021-00427-6Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s diseaseVelma T. E. Aho0Madelyn C. Houser1Pedro A. B. Pereira2Jianjun Chang3Knut Rudi4Lars Paulin5Vicki Hertzberg6Petri Auvinen7Malú G. Tansey8Filip Scheperjans9DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityDNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of MedicineFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (KBM), Norwegian University of Life SciencesDNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityDNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Physiology, Emory University School of MedicineDepartment of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, and Department of Neurological Sciences (Neurology), University of HelsinkiAbstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate their interrelations and links to clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool and plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 56 controls. Levels of stool SCFAs and stool and plasma inflammatory and permeability markers were compared between patients and controls and related to one another and to the gut microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased and SCFAs decreased in stool in PD in a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory markers in plasma and stool were neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at PD onset was positively correlated with SCFAs and negatively correlated with CXCL8 and IL-1β in stool. Fecal zonulin correlated positively with fecal NGAL and negatively with PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity and composition were linked to levels of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and zonulin in stool. Certain relationships differed between patients and controls and by sex. Conclusions Intestinal inflammatory responses and reductions in fecal SCFAs occur in PD, are related to the microbiota and to disease onset, and are not reflected in plasma inflammatory profiles. Some of these relationships are distinct in PD and are sex-dependent. This study revealed potential alterations in microbiota-host interactions and links between earlier PD onset and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduced SCFA levels, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways which may contribute to PD pathogenesis and clinical presentation and which warrant further investigation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00427-6Parkinson’s diseaseMicrobiotaIntestineInflammationShort-chain fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Velma T. E. Aho Madelyn C. Houser Pedro A. B. Pereira Jianjun Chang Knut Rudi Lars Paulin Vicki Hertzberg Petri Auvinen Malú G. Tansey Filip Scheperjans Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease Molecular Neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease Microbiota Intestine Inflammation Short-chain fatty acids |
| title | Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full | Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_short | Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease |
| title_sort | relationships of gut microbiota short chain fatty acids inflammation and the gut barrier in parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease Microbiota Intestine Inflammation Short-chain fatty acids |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00427-6 |
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