Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing
This study evaluated the efficiency of cerium reduction by grinding with microwave irradiation in mechanochemical processing. Grinding experiments with microwave irradiation were conducted using an agitating mixer. Since the structure of the ground samples was amorphous and the cerium concentration...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/2/189 |
| _version_ | 1797477723732443136 |
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| author | Tatsuya Kato Motonori Iwamoto Chiharu Tokoro |
| author_facet | Tatsuya Kato Motonori Iwamoto Chiharu Tokoro |
| author_sort | Tatsuya Kato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the efficiency of cerium reduction by grinding with microwave irradiation in mechanochemical processing. Grinding experiments with microwave irradiation were conducted using an agitating mixer. Since the structure of the ground samples was amorphous and the cerium concentration was much lower than those of other elements, the valence change and structural change of cerium after grinding with microwave irradiation were investigated using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis in the cerium K-edge. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that a portion of tetravalent cerium was reduced to trivalent cerium by grinding with microwave irradiation. In addition, it was confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis that oxygen vacancies were produced as a result of the cerium reduction reaction. To evaluate the efficiency of cerium reduction efficiency, the percentage reduction by grinding with microwave irradiation was compared to that by planetary ball milling and microwave irradiation. As a result, it was revealed that the efficiency of cerium reduction via grinding with microwave irradiation was higher than that via microwave irradiation and the same as that via planetary ball milling. Moreover, a larger amount of tetravalent cerium could be reduced to trivalent cerium by grinding with microwave irradiation than when using planetary ball milling and microwave irradiation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62f1e8fd726d49ce8906b2c42ebf6ddf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-62f1e8fd726d49ce8906b2c42ebf6ddf2023-11-23T21:18:15ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-01-0112218910.3390/min12020189Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical ProcessingTatsuya Kato0Motonori Iwamoto1Chiharu Tokoro2Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanPowder Technology Center, Nippon Coke & Engineering Co., Ltd., 1 Koh-machi, Tochigi 328-8503, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanThis study evaluated the efficiency of cerium reduction by grinding with microwave irradiation in mechanochemical processing. Grinding experiments with microwave irradiation were conducted using an agitating mixer. Since the structure of the ground samples was amorphous and the cerium concentration was much lower than those of other elements, the valence change and structural change of cerium after grinding with microwave irradiation were investigated using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis in the cerium K-edge. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis revealed that a portion of tetravalent cerium was reduced to trivalent cerium by grinding with microwave irradiation. In addition, it was confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis that oxygen vacancies were produced as a result of the cerium reduction reaction. To evaluate the efficiency of cerium reduction efficiency, the percentage reduction by grinding with microwave irradiation was compared to that by planetary ball milling and microwave irradiation. As a result, it was revealed that the efficiency of cerium reduction via grinding with microwave irradiation was higher than that via microwave irradiation and the same as that via planetary ball milling. Moreover, a larger amount of tetravalent cerium could be reduced to trivalent cerium by grinding with microwave irradiation than when using planetary ball milling and microwave irradiation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/2/189X-ray absorption fine structureextended X-ray absorption fine structurelocal structureoxygen vacancymechanochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Tatsuya Kato Motonori Iwamoto Chiharu Tokoro Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing Minerals X-ray absorption fine structure extended X-ray absorption fine structure local structure oxygen vacancy mechanochemistry |
| title | Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing |
| title_full | Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing |
| title_short | Investigation of Cerium Reduction Efficiency by Grinding with Microwave Irradiation in Mechanochemical Processing |
| title_sort | investigation of cerium reduction efficiency by grinding with microwave irradiation in mechanochemical processing |
| topic | X-ray absorption fine structure extended X-ray absorption fine structure local structure oxygen vacancy mechanochemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/2/189 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tatsuyakato investigationofceriumreductionefficiencybygrindingwithmicrowaveirradiationinmechanochemicalprocessing AT motonoriiwamoto investigationofceriumreductionefficiencybygrindingwithmicrowaveirradiationinmechanochemicalprocessing AT chiharutokoro investigationofceriumreductionefficiencybygrindingwithmicrowaveirradiationinmechanochemicalprocessing |