A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution
Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture is a frequent condition in hand therapy. Clinicians most frequently apply orthosis management for conservative treatment. Orthoses should apply forces for long periods of time following the total end range time (TERT) concept. These forces necessari...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/8/2855 |
| _version_ | 1797604943736078336 |
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| author | Vicenç Punsola-Izard Nuria Carnicero Elena Ozaes-Lara Judit Mendieta-Zamora Gemma Romera-Orfila Karen S. Schultz Manuel Llusà Aroa Casado |
| author_facet | Vicenç Punsola-Izard Nuria Carnicero Elena Ozaes-Lara Judit Mendieta-Zamora Gemma Romera-Orfila Karen S. Schultz Manuel Llusà Aroa Casado |
| author_sort | Vicenç Punsola-Izard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture is a frequent condition in hand therapy. Clinicians most frequently apply orthosis management for conservative treatment. Orthoses should apply forces for long periods of time following the total end range time (TERT) concept. These forces necessarily transmit through the skin; however, skin has physiological limitations determined by blood flow. Using three fresh frozen human cadavers, this study quantified and compared forces, skin contact surfaces and pressure of two finger orthoses, an elastic tension digital neoprene orthosis (ETDNO) and an LMB 501 orthosis. The study also investigated the effects of a new method of orthosis construction (serial ETDNO orthoses) that customizes forces to a specific finger position. We evaluated forces and contact surfaces for multiple ETDNO models tailored to the cadaver fingers in multiple PIP flexion positions. The results showed that the LMB 501 orthosis applied pressures beyond the recommended limits if applied for more than eight hours a day. This fact was the cause of time limited LMB orthosis application. This results also show that, at 30° of PIPJ flexion, straight ETDNOs created a mean pressure approaching the end of the recommended pressure limits. If the therapist modified the ETDNO design, the skin pressure decreased and reduced the risk of skin damage. With the results of this study, we concluded that for PIPJ flexion contracture, the upper limit of force application is 200 g (1.96 N). Forces beyond this amount would likely cause skin irritation and possibly skin injuries. This would cause a reduction in the daily TERT and limit outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62f9d151470b4a8e863375dde391caa2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-62f9d151470b4a8e863375dde391caa22023-11-17T19:49:24ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-04-01128285510.3390/jcm12082855A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure DistributionVicenç Punsola-Izard0Nuria Carnicero1Elena Ozaes-Lara2Judit Mendieta-Zamora3Gemma Romera-Orfila4Karen S. Schultz5Manuel Llusà6Aroa Casado7Hand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainHand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainHand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainHand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainHand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainKaren Schultz Hand and Upper Limb Strategies (KSHULS), Littleton, CO 80120, USAUnit of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, SpainHand Therapy Barcelona Physical Therapy and Clinical Investigation Center, 08010 Barcelona, SpainProximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture is a frequent condition in hand therapy. Clinicians most frequently apply orthosis management for conservative treatment. Orthoses should apply forces for long periods of time following the total end range time (TERT) concept. These forces necessarily transmit through the skin; however, skin has physiological limitations determined by blood flow. Using three fresh frozen human cadavers, this study quantified and compared forces, skin contact surfaces and pressure of two finger orthoses, an elastic tension digital neoprene orthosis (ETDNO) and an LMB 501 orthosis. The study also investigated the effects of a new method of orthosis construction (serial ETDNO orthoses) that customizes forces to a specific finger position. We evaluated forces and contact surfaces for multiple ETDNO models tailored to the cadaver fingers in multiple PIP flexion positions. The results showed that the LMB 501 orthosis applied pressures beyond the recommended limits if applied for more than eight hours a day. This fact was the cause of time limited LMB orthosis application. This results also show that, at 30° of PIPJ flexion, straight ETDNOs created a mean pressure approaching the end of the recommended pressure limits. If the therapist modified the ETDNO design, the skin pressure decreased and reduced the risk of skin damage. With the results of this study, we concluded that for PIPJ flexion contracture, the upper limit of force application is 200 g (1.96 N). Forces beyond this amount would likely cause skin irritation and possibly skin injuries. This would cause a reduction in the daily TERT and limit outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/8/2855proximal interphalangeal jointfinger treatmentorthosishand therapyflexion contracturetotal end range time |
| spellingShingle | Vicenç Punsola-Izard Nuria Carnicero Elena Ozaes-Lara Judit Mendieta-Zamora Gemma Romera-Orfila Karen S. Schultz Manuel Llusà Aroa Casado A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution Journal of Clinical Medicine proximal interphalangeal joint finger treatment orthosis hand therapy flexion contracture total end range time |
| title | A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution |
| title_full | A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution |
| title_fullStr | A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution |
| title_short | A Cadaver Based Comparison of Two Elastic Tension Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIPJ) Extension Orthoses with Focus on Force Generation and Pressure Distribution |
| title_sort | cadaver based comparison of two elastic tension proximal interphalangeal joint pipj extension orthoses with focus on force generation and pressure distribution |
| topic | proximal interphalangeal joint finger treatment orthosis hand therapy flexion contracture total end range time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/8/2855 |
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