New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials
New and soft composites with good mechanical stretchability are constantly addressed in the literature due to their use in various industrial applications such as soft robotics. The stretchable magnetic materials presented in this work show a promising magnetic effect of up to 28% and improved magne...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/4826 |
| _version_ | 1797464154290782208 |
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| author | Vineet Kumar Md Najib Alam Sang-Shin Park Dong-Joo Lee |
| author_facet | Vineet Kumar Md Najib Alam Sang-Shin Park Dong-Joo Lee |
| author_sort | Vineet Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New and soft composites with good mechanical stretchability are constantly addressed in the literature due to their use in various industrial applications such as soft robotics. The stretchable magnetic materials presented in this work show a promising magnetic effect of up to 28% and improved magnetic sensitivity. The composites are soft in nature and possess hardness below 65. These composites were prepared by mixing silicone rubber with fillers such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), electrolyte-iron particles (EIP), and their hybrid via solution mixing. The final composites were cured at room temperature for 24 h and their isotropic and anisotropic properties were studied and presented. The mechanical properties under compressive and tensile strain were studied in detail. The results show that the compressive modulus was 1.73 MPa (control) and increased to 3.7 MPa (GNP) at 15 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 3.2 MPa (EIP), and 4.3 MPa (hybrid) at 80 phr. Similarly, the mechanical stretchability was 112% (control) and increased to 186% (GNP) at 15 phr, 134% (EIP), and 136% (hybrid) at 60 phr. Thus, GNP emerges as a superior reinforcing filler with high stiffness, a high compressive modulus, and high mechanical stretchability. However, the GNP did not show mechanical sensitivity under a magnetic field. Therefore, the hybrids containing GNP and EIP were considered and an improved mechanical performance with magnetic sensitivity was noticed and reported. The mechanism involves the orientation of EIP under a magnetic field causing a magnetic effect, which is 28% for EIP and 5% for hybrid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:02:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-62fbab22a5eb464cbace14aab577b55e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:02:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-62fbab22a5eb464cbace14aab577b55e2023-11-24T09:41:38ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-11-011422482610.3390/polym14224826New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic MaterialsVineet Kumar0Md Najib Alam1Sang-Shin Park2Dong-Joo Lee3School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaNew and soft composites with good mechanical stretchability are constantly addressed in the literature due to their use in various industrial applications such as soft robotics. The stretchable magnetic materials presented in this work show a promising magnetic effect of up to 28% and improved magnetic sensitivity. The composites are soft in nature and possess hardness below 65. These composites were prepared by mixing silicone rubber with fillers such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), electrolyte-iron particles (EIP), and their hybrid via solution mixing. The final composites were cured at room temperature for 24 h and their isotropic and anisotropic properties were studied and presented. The mechanical properties under compressive and tensile strain were studied in detail. The results show that the compressive modulus was 1.73 MPa (control) and increased to 3.7 MPa (GNP) at 15 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 3.2 MPa (EIP), and 4.3 MPa (hybrid) at 80 phr. Similarly, the mechanical stretchability was 112% (control) and increased to 186% (GNP) at 15 phr, 134% (EIP), and 136% (hybrid) at 60 phr. Thus, GNP emerges as a superior reinforcing filler with high stiffness, a high compressive modulus, and high mechanical stretchability. However, the GNP did not show mechanical sensitivity under a magnetic field. Therefore, the hybrids containing GNP and EIP were considered and an improved mechanical performance with magnetic sensitivity was noticed and reported. The mechanism involves the orientation of EIP under a magnetic field causing a magnetic effect, which is 28% for EIP and 5% for hybrid.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/4826mechanical stretchabilitysilicone rubbergraphene nanoplateletselectrolyte iron particlescompressive modulusanisotropy |
| spellingShingle | Vineet Kumar Md Najib Alam Sang-Shin Park Dong-Joo Lee New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials Polymers mechanical stretchability silicone rubber graphene nanoplatelets electrolyte iron particles compressive modulus anisotropy |
| title | New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials |
| title_full | New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials |
| title_fullStr | New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials |
| title_short | New Insight into Rubber Composites Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets, Electrolyte Iron Particles, and Their Hybrid for Stretchable Magnetic Materials |
| title_sort | new insight into rubber composites based on graphene nanoplatelets electrolyte iron particles and their hybrid for stretchable magnetic materials |
| topic | mechanical stretchability silicone rubber graphene nanoplatelets electrolyte iron particles compressive modulus anisotropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/4826 |
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