Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise
Gait quality characteristics obtained from daily-life accelerometry are clinically relevant for fall risk in older adults but it is unknown whether these characteristics are responsive to changes in gait quality. We aimed to test whether accelerometry-based daily-life gait quality characteristics ar...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/101 |
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| author | Sabine Schootemeijer Roel H. A. Weijer Marco J. M. Hoozemans Kim Delbaere Mirjam Pijnappels Kimberley S. van Schooten |
| author_facet | Sabine Schootemeijer Roel H. A. Weijer Marco J. M. Hoozemans Kim Delbaere Mirjam Pijnappels Kimberley S. van Schooten |
| author_sort | Sabine Schootemeijer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gait quality characteristics obtained from daily-life accelerometry are clinically relevant for fall risk in older adults but it is unknown whether these characteristics are responsive to changes in gait quality. We aimed to test whether accelerometry-based daily-life gait quality characteristics are reliable and responsive to changes over one year in older adults who experienced a fall or an exercise intervention. One-week trunk acceleration data were collected from 522 participants (65–97 years), at baseline and after one year. We calculated median values of walking speed, regularity (sample entropy), stability (logarithmic rate of divergence per stride), and a gait quality composite score, across all 10-s gait epochs derived from one-week gait episodes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement (LOA) were determined for 198 participants who did not fall nor participated in an exercise intervention during follow-up. For responsiveness to change, we determined the number of participants who fell (<i>n</i> = 209) or participated in an exercise intervention (<i>n</i> = 115) that showed a change beyond the LOA. ICCs for agreement between baseline and follow-up exceeded 0.70 for all gait quality characteristics except for vertical gait stability (ICC = 0.69, 95% CI [0.62, 0.75]) and walking speed (ICC = 0.68, 95% CI [0.62, 0.74]). Only walking speed, vertical and mediolateral gait stability changed significantly in the exercisers over one year but effect sizes were below 0.2. The characteristic associated with most fallers beyond the LOA was mediolateral sample entropy (4.8% of fallers). For the exercisers, this was gait stability in three directions and the gait quality composite score (2.6% of exercisers). The gait quality characteristics obtained by median values over one week of trunk accelerometry were not responsive to presumed changes in gait quality after a fall or an exercise intervention in older people. This is likely due to large (within subjects) differences in gait behaviour that participants show in daily life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:41:40Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:41:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-62fde86ac24b4b0fadac539b1dae378c2023-12-02T00:53:16ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-0123110110.3390/s23010101Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance ExerciseSabine Schootemeijer0Roel H. A. Weijer1Marco J. M. Hoozemans2Kim Delbaere3Mirjam Pijnappels4Kimberley S. van Schooten5Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFalls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney 2031, AustraliaDepartment of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFalls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney 2031, AustraliaGait quality characteristics obtained from daily-life accelerometry are clinically relevant for fall risk in older adults but it is unknown whether these characteristics are responsive to changes in gait quality. We aimed to test whether accelerometry-based daily-life gait quality characteristics are reliable and responsive to changes over one year in older adults who experienced a fall or an exercise intervention. One-week trunk acceleration data were collected from 522 participants (65–97 years), at baseline and after one year. We calculated median values of walking speed, regularity (sample entropy), stability (logarithmic rate of divergence per stride), and a gait quality composite score, across all 10-s gait epochs derived from one-week gait episodes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement (LOA) were determined for 198 participants who did not fall nor participated in an exercise intervention during follow-up. For responsiveness to change, we determined the number of participants who fell (<i>n</i> = 209) or participated in an exercise intervention (<i>n</i> = 115) that showed a change beyond the LOA. ICCs for agreement between baseline and follow-up exceeded 0.70 for all gait quality characteristics except for vertical gait stability (ICC = 0.69, 95% CI [0.62, 0.75]) and walking speed (ICC = 0.68, 95% CI [0.62, 0.74]). Only walking speed, vertical and mediolateral gait stability changed significantly in the exercisers over one year but effect sizes were below 0.2. The characteristic associated with most fallers beyond the LOA was mediolateral sample entropy (4.8% of fallers). For the exercisers, this was gait stability in three directions and the gait quality composite score (2.6% of exercisers). The gait quality characteristics obtained by median values over one week of trunk accelerometry were not responsive to presumed changes in gait quality after a fall or an exercise intervention in older people. This is likely due to large (within subjects) differences in gait behaviour that participants show in daily life.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/101accidental fallsaccelerometryactivity monitoringagedexerciselocomotion |
| spellingShingle | Sabine Schootemeijer Roel H. A. Weijer Marco J. M. Hoozemans Kim Delbaere Mirjam Pijnappels Kimberley S. van Schooten Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise Sensors accidental falls accelerometry activity monitoring aged exercise locomotion |
| title | Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise |
| title_full | Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise |
| title_fullStr | Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise |
| title_short | Responsiveness of Daily Life Gait Quality Characteristics over One Year in Older Adults Who Experienced a Fall or Engaged in Balance Exercise |
| title_sort | responsiveness of daily life gait quality characteristics over one year in older adults who experienced a fall or engaged in balance exercise |
| topic | accidental falls accelerometry activity monitoring aged exercise locomotion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/101 |
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