Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women in the United States. Accurate staging is needed to determine prognosis and devise effective treatment plans. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has made multiple revisions to the tumor, node, metastas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3359 |
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| author | Lauren T. Erasmus Taylor A. Strange Rishi Agrawal Chad D. Strange Jitesh Ahuja Girish S. Shroff Mylene T. Truong |
| author_facet | Lauren T. Erasmus Taylor A. Strange Rishi Agrawal Chad D. Strange Jitesh Ahuja Girish S. Shroff Mylene T. Truong |
| author_sort | Lauren T. Erasmus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women in the United States. Accurate staging is needed to determine prognosis and devise effective treatment plans. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has made multiple revisions to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system used by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer to stage lung cancer. The eighth edition of this staging system includes modifications to the T classification with cut points of 1 cm increments in tumor size, grouping of lung cancers associated with partial or complete lung atelectasis or pneumonitis, grouping of tumors with involvement of a main bronchus regardless of distance from the carina, and upstaging of diaphragmatic invasion to T4. The N classification describes the spread to regional lymph nodes and no changes were proposed for TNM-8. In the M classification, metastatic disease is divided into intra- versus extrathoracic metastasis, and single versus multiple metastases. In order to optimize patient outcomes, it is important to understand the nuances of the TNM staging system, the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities used in lung cancer staging, and potential pitfalls in image interpretation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6302e16fd6b4425f830e4c7a4f6fe475 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6302e16fd6b4425f830e4c7a4f6fe4752023-11-10T15:01:05ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-11-011321335910.3390/diagnostics13213359Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential PitfallsLauren T. Erasmus0Taylor A. Strange1Rishi Agrawal2Chad D. Strange3Jitesh Ahuja4Girish S. Shroff5Mylene T. Truong6Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, CanadaDepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USALung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women in the United States. Accurate staging is needed to determine prognosis and devise effective treatment plans. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has made multiple revisions to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system used by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer to stage lung cancer. The eighth edition of this staging system includes modifications to the T classification with cut points of 1 cm increments in tumor size, grouping of lung cancers associated with partial or complete lung atelectasis or pneumonitis, grouping of tumors with involvement of a main bronchus regardless of distance from the carina, and upstaging of diaphragmatic invasion to T4. The N classification describes the spread to regional lymph nodes and no changes were proposed for TNM-8. In the M classification, metastatic disease is divided into intra- versus extrathoracic metastasis, and single versus multiple metastases. In order to optimize patient outcomes, it is important to understand the nuances of the TNM staging system, the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities used in lung cancer staging, and potential pitfalls in image interpretation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3359lung cancerstagingTNMCTPET/CT |
| spellingShingle | Lauren T. Erasmus Taylor A. Strange Rishi Agrawal Chad D. Strange Jitesh Ahuja Girish S. Shroff Mylene T. Truong Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls Diagnostics lung cancer staging TNM CT PET/CT |
| title | Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls |
| title_full | Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls |
| title_fullStr | Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls |
| title_short | Lung Cancer Staging: Imaging and Potential Pitfalls |
| title_sort | lung cancer staging imaging and potential pitfalls |
| topic | lung cancer staging TNM CT PET/CT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3359 |
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