Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a systemic virus that poses a serious threat to crops worldwide. In the present study, a series of novel 1-phenyl-4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thioether)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-5-amine derivatives was designed and synthesized. In vivo antiviral bioassay results indica...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8881 |
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| author | Huanlin Zheng Fanglin Wen Chengzhi Zhang Rui Luo Zhibing Wu |
| author_facet | Huanlin Zheng Fanglin Wen Chengzhi Zhang Rui Luo Zhibing Wu |
| author_sort | Huanlin Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a systemic virus that poses a serious threat to crops worldwide. In the present study, a series of novel 1-phenyl-4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thioether)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-5-amine derivatives was designed and synthesized. In vivo antiviral bioassay results indicated that some of these compounds exhibited excellent protective activity against TMV. Among the compounds, <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 203.5 μg/mL) was superior to the commercial agent ningnanmycin (EC<sub>50</sub> = 261.4 μg/mL). Observation of tobacco leaves infected with TMV-GFP revealed that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could effectively inhibit the spread of TMV in the host. Further plant tissue morphological observation indicated that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could induce the tight arrangement and alignment of the spongy mesophyll and palisade cells while causing stomatal closure to form a defensive barrier to prevent viral infection in the leaves. In addition, the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves was significantly increased after treatment with <b>E<sub>2</sub></b>, and the net photosynthesis (<i>Pn</i>) value was also increased, which demonstrated that the active compound could improve the photosynthetic efficiency of TMV-infected tobacco leaves by maintaining stable chlorophyll content in the leaves, thereby protecting host plants from viral infection. The results of MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content determination revealed that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could effectively reduce the content of peroxides in the infected plants, reducing the damage to the plants caused by oxidation. This work provides an important support for the research and development of antiviral agents in crop protection. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-630586c70fa74ddb986615c283265c972023-11-18T01:43:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012410888110.3390/ijms24108881Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV InfectionHuanlin Zheng0Fanglin Wen1Chengzhi Zhang2Rui Luo3Zhibing Wu4National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaTobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a systemic virus that poses a serious threat to crops worldwide. In the present study, a series of novel 1-phenyl-4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-thioether)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-5-amine derivatives was designed and synthesized. In vivo antiviral bioassay results indicated that some of these compounds exhibited excellent protective activity against TMV. Among the compounds, <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 203.5 μg/mL) was superior to the commercial agent ningnanmycin (EC<sub>50</sub> = 261.4 μg/mL). Observation of tobacco leaves infected with TMV-GFP revealed that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could effectively inhibit the spread of TMV in the host. Further plant tissue morphological observation indicated that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could induce the tight arrangement and alignment of the spongy mesophyll and palisade cells while causing stomatal closure to form a defensive barrier to prevent viral infection in the leaves. In addition, the chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves was significantly increased after treatment with <b>E<sub>2</sub></b>, and the net photosynthesis (<i>Pn</i>) value was also increased, which demonstrated that the active compound could improve the photosynthetic efficiency of TMV-infected tobacco leaves by maintaining stable chlorophyll content in the leaves, thereby protecting host plants from viral infection. The results of MDA and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content determination revealed that <b>E<sub>2</sub></b> could effectively reduce the content of peroxides in the infected plants, reducing the damage to the plants caused by oxidation. This work provides an important support for the research and development of antiviral agents in crop protection.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/88811,3,4-thiadiazoleantiviral activitytobacco mosaic virus (TMV)paraffin sectionphotosynthesischlorophyll |
| spellingShingle | Huanlin Zheng Fanglin Wen Chengzhi Zhang Rui Luo Zhibing Wu Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection International Journal of Molecular Sciences 1,3,4-thiadiazole antiviral activity tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) paraffin section photosynthesis chlorophyll |
| title | Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection |
| title_full | Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection |
| title_fullStr | Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection |
| title_short | Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiviral Bioassay and Regulation the Photosynthetic Pathway of Tobacco against TMV Infection |
| title_sort | novel 1 3 4 thiadiazole derivatives synthesis antiviral bioassay and regulation the photosynthetic pathway of tobacco against tmv infection |
| topic | 1,3,4-thiadiazole antiviral activity tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) paraffin section photosynthesis chlorophyll |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8881 |
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