Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon
The objectives of this study were to establish geochemical background values of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) for eastern Amazon soils and to assess the r...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/674 |
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| author | Deyvison Andrey Medrado Gonçalves Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira Karen H. Johannesson Daniel Vidal Pérez Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes |
| author_facet | Deyvison Andrey Medrado Gonçalves Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira Karen H. Johannesson Daniel Vidal Pérez Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes |
| author_sort | Deyvison Andrey Medrado Gonçalves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of this study were to establish geochemical background values of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) for eastern Amazon soils and to assess the relationship between soil chemical and granulometric attributes using univariate and multivariate procedures. Samples from the topsoil (0–0.2 m) were collected in several areas with minimal or no human intervention. Pseudo total concentrations of potentially toxic elements were extracted via acid digestion and quantified via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that the soils present high acidity, low levels of cations and organic carbon, and highly heterogeneous geomorphological characteristics. The elements Fe (9300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Al (8200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) showed the highest mean concentrations in the study, while As (0.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Cd (0.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) presented the lowest levels. The results of this study indicate that the 90th percentile can be used to formalize quality reference values for the State of Pará and that the 98th percentile can be considered for areas rich in mineral deposits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6305e814cf604765a664771fdf8586e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6305e814cf604765a664771fdf8586e02023-11-23T18:05:54ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-05-0112667410.3390/min12060674Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian AmazonDeyvison Andrey Medrado Gonçalves0Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira1Karen H. Johannesson2Daniel Vidal Pérez3Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme4Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes5Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém 66077-830, BrazilInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém 66077-830, BrazilSchool for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USANational Soil Survey Center, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Rio de Janeiro 22460-000, BrazilDepartment of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, BrazilInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém 66077-830, BrazilThe objectives of this study were to establish geochemical background values of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) for eastern Amazon soils and to assess the relationship between soil chemical and granulometric attributes using univariate and multivariate procedures. Samples from the topsoil (0–0.2 m) were collected in several areas with minimal or no human intervention. Pseudo total concentrations of potentially toxic elements were extracted via acid digestion and quantified via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that the soils present high acidity, low levels of cations and organic carbon, and highly heterogeneous geomorphological characteristics. The elements Fe (9300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Al (8200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) showed the highest mean concentrations in the study, while As (0.8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Cd (0.1 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) presented the lowest levels. The results of this study indicate that the 90th percentile can be used to formalize quality reference values for the State of Pará and that the 98th percentile can be considered for areas rich in mineral deposits.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/674eastern Amazonenvironmental indicatorssoil qualityenvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Deyvison Andrey Medrado Gonçalves Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira Karen H. Johannesson Daniel Vidal Pérez Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon Minerals eastern Amazon environmental indicators soil quality environmental pollution |
| title | Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon |
| title_full | Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon |
| title_short | Geochemical Background for Potentially Toxic Elements in Forested Soils of the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon |
| title_sort | geochemical background for potentially toxic elements in forested soils of the state of para brazilian amazon |
| topic | eastern Amazon environmental indicators soil quality environmental pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/674 |
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