Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors for clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Brazil. A prospective, repeated cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2018 and June 2019 on 10 smallholder dairy farms. Potential risk factors for subcl...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2089 |
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| author | Aline Callegari Silva Richard Laven Nilson Roberti Benites |
| author_facet | Aline Callegari Silva Richard Laven Nilson Roberti Benites |
| author_sort | Aline Callegari Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors for clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Brazil. A prospective, repeated cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2018 and June 2019 on 10 smallholder dairy farms. Potential risk factors for subclinical and clinical mastitis at the herd and cow level were recorded through interviewing the owner and by observation. A combination of clinical udder examination and the Tamis (screened mug with a dark base) test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) were applied to observe clinical mastitis, and the California Mastitis Test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) was used to determine subclinical mastitis. A total of 4567 quarters were tested, 107 (2.3%) had clinical mastitis, while 1519 (33.2%) had subclinical mastitis. At the cow level, clinical mastitis risk was highest in mid-lactation (50–150 days in milk) with OR 2.62 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.03–6.67, while subclinical mastitis was highest in late lactation (> 150 days in milk) with OR 2.74 (95% CI 2.05–3.63) and lower in primiparous (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.71) than multiparous cows. At the herd level, using dry-cow treatment (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.42–12.62) was associated with an increased risk of clinical mastitis. Milking clinical (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24–0.56) and subclinical cases last (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.47) and cleaning the milking parlor regularly (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.46) had decreased odds for subclinical mastitis, while herds with optimized feed had greater odds (OR 9.11, 95% CI 2.59–31.9). Prevalence of clinical mastitis was at its lowest at the first visit in June/July and highest at the last visit in April/June (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.93–7.52). Subclinical mastitis also presented increased odds in the last visit (OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.0–3.36). This study has identified some risk factors for mastitis on smallholder farms but further research on more farms across more areas of Brazil is required to develop a targeted mastitis control program for smallholder farms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:47:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6306a82bc7624e89a640a9139fd05088 |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:47:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6306a82bc7624e89a640a9139fd050882023-11-22T03:02:13ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-07-01117208910.3390/ani11072089Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast BrazilAline Callegari Silva0Richard Laven1Nilson Roberti Benites2Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, BrazilSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo CEP 05508-270, BrazilThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors for clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Brazil. A prospective, repeated cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2018 and June 2019 on 10 smallholder dairy farms. Potential risk factors for subclinical and clinical mastitis at the herd and cow level were recorded through interviewing the owner and by observation. A combination of clinical udder examination and the Tamis (screened mug with a dark base) test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) were applied to observe clinical mastitis, and the California Mastitis Test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) was used to determine subclinical mastitis. A total of 4567 quarters were tested, 107 (2.3%) had clinical mastitis, while 1519 (33.2%) had subclinical mastitis. At the cow level, clinical mastitis risk was highest in mid-lactation (50–150 days in milk) with OR 2.62 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.03–6.67, while subclinical mastitis was highest in late lactation (> 150 days in milk) with OR 2.74 (95% CI 2.05–3.63) and lower in primiparous (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.71) than multiparous cows. At the herd level, using dry-cow treatment (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.42–12.62) was associated with an increased risk of clinical mastitis. Milking clinical (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24–0.56) and subclinical cases last (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.47) and cleaning the milking parlor regularly (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.46) had decreased odds for subclinical mastitis, while herds with optimized feed had greater odds (OR 9.11, 95% CI 2.59–31.9). Prevalence of clinical mastitis was at its lowest at the first visit in June/July and highest at the last visit in April/June (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.93–7.52). Subclinical mastitis also presented increased odds in the last visit (OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.0–3.36). This study has identified some risk factors for mastitis on smallholder farms but further research on more farms across more areas of Brazil is required to develop a targeted mastitis control program for smallholder farms.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2089clinical mastitissubclinical mastitismilking managementfarm management |
| spellingShingle | Aline Callegari Silva Richard Laven Nilson Roberti Benites Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil Animals clinical mastitis subclinical mastitis milking management farm management |
| title | Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil |
| title_full | Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil |
| title_short | Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in southeast brazil |
| topic | clinical mastitis subclinical mastitis milking management farm management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2089 |
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