Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques
This research paper is concentrated on the design of biologically compatible lead-free piezoelectric composites which may eventually replace traditional lead zirconium titanate (PZT) in micromechanical fluidics, the predominantly used ferroelectric material today. Thus, a lead-free barium–calcium zi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/483 |
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| author | Tomas Janusas Sigita Urbaite Arvydas Palevicius Sohrab Nasiri Giedrius Janusas |
| author_facet | Tomas Janusas Sigita Urbaite Arvydas Palevicius Sohrab Nasiri Giedrius Janusas |
| author_sort | Tomas Janusas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research paper is concentrated on the design of biologically compatible lead-free piezoelectric composites which may eventually replace traditional lead zirconium titanate (PZT) in micromechanical fluidics, the predominantly used ferroelectric material today. Thus, a lead-free barium–calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) composite was synthesized, its crystalline structure and size, surface morphology, chemical, and piezoelectric properties were analyzed, together with the investigations done in variation of composite thin film thickness and its effect on the element properties. Four elements with different thicknesses of BCZT layers were fabricated and investigated in order to design a functional acoustophoresis micromechanical fluidic element, based on bulk acoustic generation for particle control technologies. Main methods used in this research were as follows: FTIR and XRD for evaluation of chemical and phase composition; SEM—for surface morphology; wettability measurements were used for surface free energy evaluation; a laser triangular sensing system—for evaluation of piezoelectric properties. XRD results allowed calculating the average crystallite size, which was 65.68 Å<sup>3</sup> confirming the formation of BCZT nanoparticles. SEM micrographs results showed that BCZT thin films have some porosities on the surface with grain size ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 µm. Measurements of wettability showed that thin film surfaces are partially wetting and hydrophilic, with high degree of wettability and strong solid/liquid interactions for liquids. The critical surface tension was calculated in the range from 20.05 to 27.20 mN/m. Finally, investigations of piezoelectric properties showed significant results of lead-free piezoelectric composite, i.e., under 5 N force impulse thin films generated from 76 mV up to 782 mV voltages. Moreover, an experimental analysis showed that a designed lead-free BCZT element creates bulk acoustic waves and allows manipulating bio particles in this fluidic system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63088b0908ef45859bf4d1dce386fa1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:06:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-63088b0908ef45859bf4d1dce386fa1e2023-12-03T12:53:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-0121248310.3390/s21020483Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation TechniquesTomas Janusas0Sigita Urbaite1Arvydas Palevicius2Sohrab Nasiri3Giedrius Janusas4Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaThis research paper is concentrated on the design of biologically compatible lead-free piezoelectric composites which may eventually replace traditional lead zirconium titanate (PZT) in micromechanical fluidics, the predominantly used ferroelectric material today. Thus, a lead-free barium–calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) composite was synthesized, its crystalline structure and size, surface morphology, chemical, and piezoelectric properties were analyzed, together with the investigations done in variation of composite thin film thickness and its effect on the element properties. Four elements with different thicknesses of BCZT layers were fabricated and investigated in order to design a functional acoustophoresis micromechanical fluidic element, based on bulk acoustic generation for particle control technologies. Main methods used in this research were as follows: FTIR and XRD for evaluation of chemical and phase composition; SEM—for surface morphology; wettability measurements were used for surface free energy evaluation; a laser triangular sensing system—for evaluation of piezoelectric properties. XRD results allowed calculating the average crystallite size, which was 65.68 Å<sup>3</sup> confirming the formation of BCZT nanoparticles. SEM micrographs results showed that BCZT thin films have some porosities on the surface with grain size ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 µm. Measurements of wettability showed that thin film surfaces are partially wetting and hydrophilic, with high degree of wettability and strong solid/liquid interactions for liquids. The critical surface tension was calculated in the range from 20.05 to 27.20 mN/m. Finally, investigations of piezoelectric properties showed significant results of lead-free piezoelectric composite, i.e., under 5 N force impulse thin films generated from 76 mV up to 782 mV voltages. Moreover, an experimental analysis showed that a designed lead-free BCZT element creates bulk acoustic waves and allows manipulating bio particles in this fluidic system.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/483lead-freeBCZTmicrochannelbulk acoustic wavesparticle manipulation |
| spellingShingle | Tomas Janusas Sigita Urbaite Arvydas Palevicius Sohrab Nasiri Giedrius Janusas Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques Sensors lead-free BCZT microchannel bulk acoustic waves particle manipulation |
| title | Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques |
| title_full | Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques |
| title_short | Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques |
| title_sort | biologically compatible lead free piezoelectric composite for acoustophoresis based particle manipulation techniques |
| topic | lead-free BCZT microchannel bulk acoustic waves particle manipulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/483 |
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