The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats
Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the assessments of cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on HRV in cats and to provide information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds,...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51162-z |
| _version_ | 1797363368186609664 |
|---|---|
| author | Chattida Panprom Nakrob Pattanapon Soontaree Petchdee |
| author_facet | Chattida Panprom Nakrob Pattanapon Soontaree Petchdee |
| author_sort | Chattida Panprom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the assessments of cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on HRV in cats and to provide information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds, 12 females and 12 males scheduled for elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. The cats were premedicated and induced with 4 protocols: protocol 1, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and propofol (2–4 mg/kg) IV; protocol 2, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1–3 mg/kg) IV; protocol 3, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (3–5 mg/kg) IV; and protocol 4, xylazine (1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) (5 mg/kg) IM. The heart rate and HRV of the 24 cats were collected before and at least 1 h after administering the anesthetic drugs. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate heart function. Oscillometric blood pressure monitoring was used to obtain the mean blood pressure. After anesthetic drug administration, higher heart rates were found in cats premedicated and induced with alfaxalone (p = 0.045) than in the other protocols. The lowest heart rate (HR) values were found in cats in protocol 4 using xylazine and Zoletil. The HRV low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power ratios increased in all protocols except for cats premedicated and intubated with propofol. The standard deviation of the regular sinus beats (SDNN) was higher in cats premedicated and induced with ketamine than in other anesthetic protocols (p = 0.015). An increase in sympathetic activity and reduced HRV is associated with high blood pressure and left atrial dimension. The percentage of fractional shortening (FS) decreased in cats premedicated with ketamine. The results showed that the anesthesia method using diazepam and propofol caused the least disturbance of HRV compared with other anesthesia methods that were used in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:20:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-630dc5f26089472eab9c5c5ba0347e38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:20:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-630dc5f26089472eab9c5c5ba0347e382024-01-07T12:24:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-011411810.1038/s41598-024-51162-zThe effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in catsChattida Panprom0Nakrob Pattanapon1Soontaree Petchdee2Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen CampusKasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen CampusDepartment of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen CampusAbstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the assessments of cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on HRV in cats and to provide information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds, 12 females and 12 males scheduled for elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. The cats were premedicated and induced with 4 protocols: protocol 1, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and propofol (2–4 mg/kg) IV; protocol 2, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1–3 mg/kg) IV; protocol 3, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (3–5 mg/kg) IV; and protocol 4, xylazine (1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) (5 mg/kg) IM. The heart rate and HRV of the 24 cats were collected before and at least 1 h after administering the anesthetic drugs. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate heart function. Oscillometric blood pressure monitoring was used to obtain the mean blood pressure. After anesthetic drug administration, higher heart rates were found in cats premedicated and induced with alfaxalone (p = 0.045) than in the other protocols. The lowest heart rate (HR) values were found in cats in protocol 4 using xylazine and Zoletil. The HRV low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power ratios increased in all protocols except for cats premedicated and intubated with propofol. The standard deviation of the regular sinus beats (SDNN) was higher in cats premedicated and induced with ketamine than in other anesthetic protocols (p = 0.015). An increase in sympathetic activity and reduced HRV is associated with high blood pressure and left atrial dimension. The percentage of fractional shortening (FS) decreased in cats premedicated with ketamine. The results showed that the anesthesia method using diazepam and propofol caused the least disturbance of HRV compared with other anesthesia methods that were used in this study.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51162-z |
| spellingShingle | Chattida Panprom Nakrob Pattanapon Soontaree Petchdee The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats Scientific Reports |
| title | The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| title_full | The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| title_fullStr | The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| title_short | The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| title_sort | effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability and echocardiography parameters in cats |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51162-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chattidapanprom theeffectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats AT nakrobpattanapon theeffectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats AT soontareepetchdee theeffectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats AT chattidapanprom effectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats AT nakrobpattanapon effectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats AT soontareepetchdee effectsofanestheticdrugchoiceonheartratevariabilityandechocardiographyparametersincats |