Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells
α-Cubebenoate derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/737 |
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| author | Jeong Eun Gong Ji Eun Kim Su Jin Lee Yun Ju Choi You Jeong Jin Young Whan Choi Sun Il Choi Dae Youn Hwang |
| author_facet | Jeong Eun Gong Ji Eun Kim Su Jin Lee Yun Ju Choi You Jeong Jin Young Whan Choi Sun Il Choi Dae Youn Hwang |
| author_sort | Jeong Eun Gong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | α-Cubebenoate derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate, we investigated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of CT26 cells. The viabilities of CT26 cells (a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line) and HCT116 cells (a human colon cancer cell line) were remarkably and dose-dependently diminished by α-cubebenoate, whereas the viability of CCD-18Co cells (a normal human fibroblast cell line) were unaffected. Furthermore, α-cubebenoate treatment increased the number of apoptotic CT26 cells as compared with Vehicle-treated cells and increased Bax, Bcl-2, Cas-3, and Cleaved Cas-3 protein levels by activating the MAP kinase signaling pathway. α-Cubebenoate also suppressed CT26 migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, similar reductions were observed in the expression levels of some migration-related proteins including VEGFA, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, reduced VEGFA expression was found to be accompanied by the phosphorylations of FAK and MLC in the downstream signaling pathway of adhesion protein. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that α-cubebenoate can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit metastasis by regulating the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and FAK/MLC signaling pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:29:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-631ba68e48714b8ab760feef079e5dad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-631ba68e48714b8ab760feef079e5dad2023-11-23T17:11:39ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127373710.3390/molecules27030737Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer CellsJeong Eun Gong0Ji Eun Kim1Su Jin Lee2Yun Ju Choi3You Jeong Jin4Young Whan Choi5Sun Il Choi6Dae Youn Hwang7Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaLaboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaLaboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaLaboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaLaboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaDepartment of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, KoreaSchool of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaLaboratory Animal Resources Center, Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Koreaα-Cubebenoate derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> has been reported to possess anti-allergic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and to exhibit anti-septic activity, but its anti-cancer effects have not been investigated. To examine the anti-cancer activity of α-cubebenoate, we investigated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of CT26 cells. The viabilities of CT26 cells (a murine colorectal carcinoma cell line) and HCT116 cells (a human colon cancer cell line) were remarkably and dose-dependently diminished by α-cubebenoate, whereas the viability of CCD-18Co cells (a normal human fibroblast cell line) were unaffected. Furthermore, α-cubebenoate treatment increased the number of apoptotic CT26 cells as compared with Vehicle-treated cells and increased Bax, Bcl-2, Cas-3, and Cleaved Cas-3 protein levels by activating the MAP kinase signaling pathway. α-Cubebenoate also suppressed CT26 migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, similar reductions were observed in the expression levels of some migration-related proteins including VEGFA, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, reduced VEGFA expression was found to be accompanied by the phosphorylations of FAK and MLC in the downstream signaling pathway of adhesion protein. The results of the present study provide novel evidence that α-cubebenoate can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit metastasis by regulating the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and FAK/MLC signaling pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/737α-cubebenoateCT26 colon cancerapoptosismigrationFAK/MLC |
| spellingShingle | Jeong Eun Gong Ji Eun Kim Su Jin Lee Yun Ju Choi You Jeong Jin Young Whan Choi Sun Il Choi Dae Youn Hwang Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells Molecules α-cubebenoate CT26 colon cancer apoptosis migration FAK/MLC |
| title | Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Anti-Cancer Effects of α-Cubebenoate Derived from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i> in CT26 Colon Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | anti cancer effects of α cubebenoate derived from i schisandra chinensis i in ct26 colon cancer cells |
| topic | α-cubebenoate CT26 colon cancer apoptosis migration FAK/MLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/737 |
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