Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices
Wireless implantable medical devices (WIMDs) have seen unprecedented progress in the past three decades. WIMDs help clinicians in better-understanding diseases and enhance medical treatment by allowing for remote data collection and delivering tailored patient care. The wireless connectivity range b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/151 |
| _version_ | 1797622281456844800 |
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| author | Muhammad Farooq Bilal Amin Adnan Elahi William Wijns Atif Shahzad |
| author_facet | Muhammad Farooq Bilal Amin Adnan Elahi William Wijns Atif Shahzad |
| author_sort | Muhammad Farooq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless implantable medical devices (WIMDs) have seen unprecedented progress in the past three decades. WIMDs help clinicians in better-understanding diseases and enhance medical treatment by allowing for remote data collection and delivering tailored patient care. The wireless connectivity range between the external reader and the implanted device is considered one of the key design parameters in WIMD technology. One of the common modes of communication in battery-free WIMDs is inductive coupling, where the power and data between the reader and the implanted device are transmitted via magnetically coupled inductors. The design and shape of these inductors depend on the requirements of the application. Several studies have reported models of standard planar inductors such as circular, square, hexagonal, and octagonal in medical applications. However, for applications, constrained by narrow implantable locations, elliptical planar inductors may perform better than standard-shaped planar inductors. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model for elliptical inductors. This model allows for the calculation of the inductance of the elliptical planar inductor and its parasitic components, which are key design parameters for the development of WIMDs powered by inductive coupling. An area transformation technique is used to transform and derive elliptical inductor formulas from standard circular inductor formulas. The proposed model is validated for various combinations of the number of turns, trace width, trace separation, and different inner and outer diameters of the elliptical planar inductor. For a thorough experimental validation of the proposed numerical model, more than 75 elliptical planar inductors were fabricated, measured, and compared with the numerical output of the proposed model. The mean error between the measured inductor parameters and numerical estimates using the proposed model is <5%, with a standard deviation of <3.18%. The proposed model provides an accurate analytical method for estimating and optimizing elliptical planar inductor parameters using a combination of current sheet expression and area transformation techniques. An elliptical planar inductor integrated with a sensing element can be used as a wireless implant to monitor the physiological signal from narrow implantation sites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:08:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6322790c0c084d9d81032631dd284c69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:08:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-6322790c0c084d9d81032631dd284c692023-11-16T19:10:19ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-01-0110215110.3390/bioengineering10020151Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical DevicesMuhammad Farooq0Bilal Amin1Adnan Elahi2William Wijns3Atif Shahzad4Smart Sensors Lab, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, IrelandSmart Sensors Lab, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, IrelandElectrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, IrelandSmart Sensors Lab, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, IrelandSmart Sensors Lab, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, IrelandWireless implantable medical devices (WIMDs) have seen unprecedented progress in the past three decades. WIMDs help clinicians in better-understanding diseases and enhance medical treatment by allowing for remote data collection and delivering tailored patient care. The wireless connectivity range between the external reader and the implanted device is considered one of the key design parameters in WIMD technology. One of the common modes of communication in battery-free WIMDs is inductive coupling, where the power and data between the reader and the implanted device are transmitted via magnetically coupled inductors. The design and shape of these inductors depend on the requirements of the application. Several studies have reported models of standard planar inductors such as circular, square, hexagonal, and octagonal in medical applications. However, for applications, constrained by narrow implantable locations, elliptical planar inductors may perform better than standard-shaped planar inductors. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model for elliptical inductors. This model allows for the calculation of the inductance of the elliptical planar inductor and its parasitic components, which are key design parameters for the development of WIMDs powered by inductive coupling. An area transformation technique is used to transform and derive elliptical inductor formulas from standard circular inductor formulas. The proposed model is validated for various combinations of the number of turns, trace width, trace separation, and different inner and outer diameters of the elliptical planar inductor. For a thorough experimental validation of the proposed numerical model, more than 75 elliptical planar inductors were fabricated, measured, and compared with the numerical output of the proposed model. The mean error between the measured inductor parameters and numerical estimates using the proposed model is <5%, with a standard deviation of <3.18%. The proposed model provides an accurate analytical method for estimating and optimizing elliptical planar inductor parameters using a combination of current sheet expression and area transformation techniques. An elliptical planar inductor integrated with a sensing element can be used as a wireless implant to monitor the physiological signal from narrow implantation sites.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/151area transformationcircular planar inductorelliptical inductornumerical modelnarrow implantable locationsplanar inductor |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Farooq Bilal Amin Adnan Elahi William Wijns Atif Shahzad Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices Bioengineering area transformation circular planar inductor elliptical inductor numerical model narrow implantable locations planar inductor |
| title | Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_full | Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_fullStr | Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_short | Planar Elliptical Inductor Design for Wireless Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_sort | planar elliptical inductor design for wireless implantable medical devices |
| topic | area transformation circular planar inductor elliptical inductor numerical model narrow implantable locations planar inductor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/151 |
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