Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia
Background: Renal stones (nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) and nephrocalcinosis are uncommon in children; however, their incidences in pediatric populations have been increasing.Patients and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study compared the clinical presentation, etiology, and outcomes of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.736308/full |
| _version_ | 1819005031926464512 |
|---|---|
| author | Khalid A. Alhasan Khalid A. Alhasan Mohamed A. Shalaby Mohamed A. Shalaby Amr S. Albanna Mohamad-Hani Temsah Mohamad-Hani Temsah Zainab Alhayek Mohammed S. Abdalla Najlaa G. Alotaibi Najlaa G. Alotaibi Nada M. Kalakattawi Nada M. Kalakattawi Zaher Faisal Zaher Jameela A. Kari Jameela A. Kari |
| author_facet | Khalid A. Alhasan Khalid A. Alhasan Mohamed A. Shalaby Mohamed A. Shalaby Amr S. Albanna Mohamad-Hani Temsah Mohamad-Hani Temsah Zainab Alhayek Mohammed S. Abdalla Najlaa G. Alotaibi Najlaa G. Alotaibi Nada M. Kalakattawi Nada M. Kalakattawi Zaher Faisal Zaher Jameela A. Kari Jameela A. Kari |
| author_sort | Khalid A. Alhasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Renal stones (nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) and nephrocalcinosis are uncommon in children; however, their incidences in pediatric populations have been increasing.Patients and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study compared the clinical presentation, etiology, and outcomes of childhood nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis with those of nephrocalcinosis.Results: The study included 144 children: 93 with renal stones and 51 with nephrocalcinosis. The mean age at presentation was 72 months and 54 months for children with renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. A history of consanguinity was found in 65% and 76% of the cases of renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) were present in 28 and 9.8% of the patients with renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. The most common symptoms of renal stones were flank pain (29%), hematuria (15%), and dysuria (11%). Urinary tract infection was the primary presentation in the nephrocalcinosis group (18%), followed by failure to thrive (16%), polyuria (12%), and dehydration (12%). The majority of renal stone cases were caused by metabolic disorders, including hyperoxaluria (18%), cystinuria (18%), hypercalciuria (12%), and hyperuricosuria (2%). In contrast, the most common underlying disorders in cases of nephrocalcinosis were familial hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis (35%), distal renal tubular acidosis (23%), and Bartter syndrome (6%). Clinical outcomes were significantly better in children with nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis than in those with nephrocalcinosis, who showed radiological evidence of worsening/persistent calcinosis and progressed more frequently to chronic kidney disease (stage II-IV) and end-stage kidney disease.Conclusion: The average age at presentation for children with renal stones was greater than that for those presenting with nephrocalcinosis. More than 25% of the children with renal stones were found to have CAKUT. Nephrocalcinosis was associated with worse clinical outcomes related to kidney function and disease resolution than nephrolithiasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:46:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6324f37881d54006b16df88dda20724c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:46:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6324f37881d54006b16df88dda20724c2022-12-21T19:22:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602022-01-01910.3389/fped.2021.736308736308Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi ArabiaKhalid A. Alhasan0Khalid A. Alhasan1Mohamed A. Shalaby2Mohamed A. Shalaby3Amr S. Albanna4Mohamad-Hani Temsah5Mohamad-Hani Temsah6Zainab Alhayek7Mohammed S. Abdalla8Najlaa G. Alotaibi9Najlaa G. Alotaibi10Nada M. Kalakattawi11Nada M. Kalakattawi12Zaher Faisal Zaher13Jameela A. Kari14Jameela A. Kari15Pediatrics Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Renal stones (nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) and nephrocalcinosis are uncommon in children; however, their incidences in pediatric populations have been increasing.Patients and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study compared the clinical presentation, etiology, and outcomes of childhood nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis with those of nephrocalcinosis.Results: The study included 144 children: 93 with renal stones and 51 with nephrocalcinosis. The mean age at presentation was 72 months and 54 months for children with renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. A history of consanguinity was found in 65% and 76% of the cases of renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) were present in 28 and 9.8% of the patients with renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, respectively. The most common symptoms of renal stones were flank pain (29%), hematuria (15%), and dysuria (11%). Urinary tract infection was the primary presentation in the nephrocalcinosis group (18%), followed by failure to thrive (16%), polyuria (12%), and dehydration (12%). The majority of renal stone cases were caused by metabolic disorders, including hyperoxaluria (18%), cystinuria (18%), hypercalciuria (12%), and hyperuricosuria (2%). In contrast, the most common underlying disorders in cases of nephrocalcinosis were familial hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis (35%), distal renal tubular acidosis (23%), and Bartter syndrome (6%). Clinical outcomes were significantly better in children with nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis than in those with nephrocalcinosis, who showed radiological evidence of worsening/persistent calcinosis and progressed more frequently to chronic kidney disease (stage II-IV) and end-stage kidney disease.Conclusion: The average age at presentation for children with renal stones was greater than that for those presenting with nephrocalcinosis. More than 25% of the children with renal stones were found to have CAKUT. Nephrocalcinosis was associated with worse clinical outcomes related to kidney function and disease resolution than nephrolithiasis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.736308/fullchildrennephrolithiasisurolithiasisoutcomesrenal stones |
| spellingShingle | Khalid A. Alhasan Khalid A. Alhasan Mohamed A. Shalaby Mohamed A. Shalaby Amr S. Albanna Mohamad-Hani Temsah Mohamad-Hani Temsah Zainab Alhayek Mohammed S. Abdalla Najlaa G. Alotaibi Najlaa G. Alotaibi Nada M. Kalakattawi Nada M. Kalakattawi Zaher Faisal Zaher Jameela A. Kari Jameela A. Kari Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia Frontiers in Pediatrics children nephrolithiasis urolithiasis outcomes renal stones |
| title | Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Comparison of Renal Stones and Nephrocalcinosis in Children: Findings From Two Tertiary Centers in Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | comparison of renal stones and nephrocalcinosis in children findings from two tertiary centers in saudi arabia |
| topic | children nephrolithiasis urolithiasis outcomes renal stones |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.736308/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khalidaalhasan comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT khalidaalhasan comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT mohamedashalaby comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT mohamedashalaby comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT amrsalbanna comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT mohamadhanitemsah comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT mohamadhanitemsah comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT zainabalhayek comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT mohammedsabdalla comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT najlaagalotaibi comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT najlaagalotaibi comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT nadamkalakattawi comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT nadamkalakattawi comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT zaherfaisalzaher comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT jameelaakari comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia AT jameelaakari comparisonofrenalstonesandnephrocalcinosisinchildrenfindingsfromtwotertiarycentersinsaudiarabia |