Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods
Climate is the most important environmental factor influencing yield during rice growth and development. To investigate the relationships between climate and yield under different crop rotation patterns and planting methods, three typical rotation patterns (vegetable–rice (V), rape–rice (R), and whe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/526 |
| _version_ | 1797297135307194368 |
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| author | Hong Yang Guangyi Chen Ziyu Li Wei Li Yao Zhang Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Qiuqiu Zhang Conghua Zhu Fahong Qing Xianyu Wei Tian Li Xuyi Li Yuyuan Ouyang |
| author_facet | Hong Yang Guangyi Chen Ziyu Li Wei Li Yao Zhang Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Qiuqiu Zhang Conghua Zhu Fahong Qing Xianyu Wei Tian Li Xuyi Li Yuyuan Ouyang |
| author_sort | Hong Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate is the most important environmental factor influencing yield during rice growth and development. To investigate the relationships between climate and yield under different crop rotation patterns and planting methods, three typical rotation patterns (vegetable–rice (V), rape–rice (R), and wheat–rice (W)) and two mechanical planting methods (mechanical transplanting (T1) and mechanical direct seeding (T2)) were established. The results showed that compared to the V rotation pattern, the average daily temperature (ADT) during the sowing to heading stage increased under both R and W rotation patterns, which significantly shortened the growth period. Thus, the effective accumulated temperature (EAT), photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle (EP), and spikelet per panicle (SP) under R and W rotation patterns significantly decreased, leading to reductions in grain yield (GY). VT2 had a higher ratio of productive tillers (RPT), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) than those of VT1, which significantly increased panicle dry matter accumulation (DMA), resulting in an increase in GY. Although RT2 and WT2 had a higher RPT than those of RT1 and WT1, the GY of RT1 and WT1 decreased due to the significant reductions in EAT and photosynthetic capacity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the comprehensive score for different rotation patterns followed the order of V > R > T with VT2 ranking first. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that EAT and ADT were the most important climate factors affecting yield, with total effects of 0.520 and −0.446, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical direct seeding under vegetable–rice rotation pattern and mechanical transplanting under rape–rice or wheat–rice rotation pattern were the rice-planting methods that optimized the climate resources in southwest China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6325ab16d6b149788a327ab8c3dd8e83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-6325ab16d6b149788a327ab8c3dd8e832024-02-23T15:31:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-02-0113452610.3390/plants13040526Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting MethodsHong Yang0Guangyi Chen1Ziyu Li2Wei Li3Yao Zhang4Congmei Li5Mingming Hu6Xingmei He7Qiuqiu Zhang8Conghua Zhu9Fahong Qing10Xianyu Wei11Tian Li12Xuyi Li13Yuyuan Ouyang14Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaAgriculture and Rural Bureau of Mianzhu, Deyang 618200, ChinaAgriculture and Rural Bureau of Mianzhu, Deyang 618200, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaCrop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, ChinaClimate is the most important environmental factor influencing yield during rice growth and development. To investigate the relationships between climate and yield under different crop rotation patterns and planting methods, three typical rotation patterns (vegetable–rice (V), rape–rice (R), and wheat–rice (W)) and two mechanical planting methods (mechanical transplanting (T1) and mechanical direct seeding (T2)) were established. The results showed that compared to the V rotation pattern, the average daily temperature (ADT) during the sowing to heading stage increased under both R and W rotation patterns, which significantly shortened the growth period. Thus, the effective accumulated temperature (EAT), photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle (EP), and spikelet per panicle (SP) under R and W rotation patterns significantly decreased, leading to reductions in grain yield (GY). VT2 had a higher ratio of productive tillers (RPT), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) than those of VT1, which significantly increased panicle dry matter accumulation (DMA), resulting in an increase in GY. Although RT2 and WT2 had a higher RPT than those of RT1 and WT1, the GY of RT1 and WT1 decreased due to the significant reductions in EAT and photosynthetic capacity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the comprehensive score for different rotation patterns followed the order of V > R > T with VT2 ranking first. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that EAT and ADT were the most important climate factors affecting yield, with total effects of 0.520 and −0.446, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical direct seeding under vegetable–rice rotation pattern and mechanical transplanting under rape–rice or wheat–rice rotation pattern were the rice-planting methods that optimized the climate resources in southwest China.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/526ricecrop rotation patternplanting methodclimate factoryield |
| spellingShingle | Hong Yang Guangyi Chen Ziyu Li Wei Li Yao Zhang Congmei Li Mingming Hu Xingmei He Qiuqiu Zhang Conghua Zhu Fahong Qing Xianyu Wei Tian Li Xuyi Li Yuyuan Ouyang Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods Plants rice crop rotation pattern planting method climate factor yield |
| title | Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods |
| title_full | Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods |
| title_fullStr | Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods |
| title_short | Responses of Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice to Climate Resources under Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Planting Methods |
| title_sort | responses of yield and photosynthetic characteristics of rice to climate resources under different crop rotation patterns and planting methods |
| topic | rice crop rotation pattern planting method climate factor yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/526 |
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