The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production
Plants evolved in the presence of the Earth’s magnetic field (or geomagnetic field, GMF). Variations in MF intensity and inclination are perceived by plants as an abiotic stress condition with responses at the genomic and metabolic level, with changes in growth and developmental processes. The reduc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2896 |
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| author | Ambra S. Parmagnani Nico Betterle Giuseppe Mannino Stefano D’Alessandro Fabio F. Nocito Kristina Ljumovic Gianpiero Vigani Matteo Ballottari Massimo E. Maffei |
| author_facet | Ambra S. Parmagnani Nico Betterle Giuseppe Mannino Stefano D’Alessandro Fabio F. Nocito Kristina Ljumovic Gianpiero Vigani Matteo Ballottari Massimo E. Maffei |
| author_sort | Ambra S. Parmagnani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants evolved in the presence of the Earth’s magnetic field (or geomagnetic field, GMF). Variations in MF intensity and inclination are perceived by plants as an abiotic stress condition with responses at the genomic and metabolic level, with changes in growth and developmental processes. The reduction of GMF to near null magnetic field (NNMF) values by the use of a triaxial Helmholtz coils system was used to evaluate the requirement of the GMF for Lima bean (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i> L.) photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The leaf area, stomatal density, chloroplast ultrastructure and some biochemical parameters including leaf carbohydrate, total carbon, protein content and δ<sup>13</sup>C were affected by NNMF conditions, as were the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. RubisCO activity and content were also reduced in NNMF. The GMF was required for the reaction center’s efficiency and for the reduction of quinones. NNMF conditions downregulated the expression of the <i>MagR</i> homologs <i>PlIScA2</i> and <i>PlcpIScA</i>, implying a connection between magnetoreception and photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, we showed that the GMF induced a higher expression of genes involved in ROS production, with increased contents of both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and other peroxides. Our results show that, in Lima bean, the GMF is required for photosynthesis and that <i>PlIScA2</i> and <i>PlcpIScA</i> may play a role in the modulation of MF-dependent responses of photosynthesis and plant oxidative stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:39:52Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:39:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6334c5f85102475bacd7acd829393b7f2023-11-16T17:03:59ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01243289610.3390/ijms24032896The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species ProductionAmbra S. Parmagnani0Nico Betterle1Giuseppe Mannino2Stefano D’Alessandro3Fabio F. Nocito4Kristina Ljumovic5Gianpiero Vigani6Matteo Ballottari7Massimo E. Maffei8Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyPlants evolved in the presence of the Earth’s magnetic field (or geomagnetic field, GMF). Variations in MF intensity and inclination are perceived by plants as an abiotic stress condition with responses at the genomic and metabolic level, with changes in growth and developmental processes. The reduction of GMF to near null magnetic field (NNMF) values by the use of a triaxial Helmholtz coils system was used to evaluate the requirement of the GMF for Lima bean (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i> L.) photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The leaf area, stomatal density, chloroplast ultrastructure and some biochemical parameters including leaf carbohydrate, total carbon, protein content and δ<sup>13</sup>C were affected by NNMF conditions, as were the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. RubisCO activity and content were also reduced in NNMF. The GMF was required for the reaction center’s efficiency and for the reduction of quinones. NNMF conditions downregulated the expression of the <i>MagR</i> homologs <i>PlIScA2</i> and <i>PlcpIScA</i>, implying a connection between magnetoreception and photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, we showed that the GMF induced a higher expression of genes involved in ROS production, with increased contents of both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and other peroxides. Our results show that, in Lima bean, the GMF is required for photosynthesis and that <i>PlIScA2</i> and <i>PlcpIScA</i> may play a role in the modulation of MF-dependent responses of photosynthesis and plant oxidative stress.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2896reaction centerchlorophyllcarotenoidphotosystems I and IIfluorescence kineticshydrogen peroxide |
| spellingShingle | Ambra S. Parmagnani Nico Betterle Giuseppe Mannino Stefano D’Alessandro Fabio F. Nocito Kristina Ljumovic Gianpiero Vigani Matteo Ballottari Massimo E. Maffei The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production International Journal of Molecular Sciences reaction center chlorophyll carotenoid photosystems I and II fluorescence kinetics hydrogen peroxide |
| title | The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production |
| title_full | The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production |
| title_fullStr | The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production |
| title_short | The Geomagnetic Field (GMF) Is Required for Lima Bean Photosynthesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production |
| title_sort | geomagnetic field gmf is required for lima bean photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species production |
| topic | reaction center chlorophyll carotenoid photosystems I and II fluorescence kinetics hydrogen peroxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2896 |
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