Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range
White pine blister rust, caused by the non-native, invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola, is a significant cause of mortality in white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in North America. Along with climate-driven range contraction, mortality from blister rust can seriously impact the abundance a...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.765871/full |
| _version_ | 1818931236871077888 |
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| author | Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Richard A. Sniezko |
| author_facet | Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Richard A. Sniezko |
| author_sort | Jeremy S. Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | White pine blister rust, caused by the non-native, invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola, is a significant cause of mortality in white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in North America. Along with climate-driven range contraction, mortality from blister rust can seriously impact the abundance and distribution of the nine white pine species native to the United States and Canada. Very little evaluation of this disease in southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) has been previously undertaken, but genetic resistance to the disease has been documented, including major gene resistance (MGR) conferred by a dominant R gene. Data is emerging suggesting that the species also has quantitative disease resistance (QR). Our results suggest QR occurs at low frequency, with perhaps 10% of trees having a moderate level (> 35% survival). We assessed progeny arrays from 40 P. strobiformis families (1873 seedlings), originating from three populations, inoculated with C. ribicola. Subsequently, the seedlings were assessed for signs, symptoms and resulting impact in a common garden trial over a 7.5-year period to determine the types and frequency of resistance in a portion of this species’ range. There was a high incidence of both stem symptoms and mortality in the P. strobiformis families tested, and families ranged in survival from 0 to 84.6%. Three families had > 70% survival, representing perhaps the highest documented QR to date in a North American white pine species. Approximately 29.1% of the 441 surviving seedlings showed no stem symptoms, and of the approximately 70.8% of seedlings surviving with infections only few (24 of 316) had infections of moderate to high severity. QR traits associated with improved survival were primarily related to lower severity of infection, a reduced number of stem symptoms, and an increased number of bark reactions. Despite the high overall susceptibility, the presence of QR appears to be at a frequency and level useful to forest managers involved in restoration and reforestation efforts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:13:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:13:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
| spelling | doaj.art-6334d83ff82a45af9eca8b9300888be12022-12-21T19:53:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2021-11-01410.3389/ffgc.2021.765871765871Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern RangeJeremy S. Johnson0Jeremy S. Johnson1Jeremy S. Johnson2Richard A. Sniezko3Department of Environmental Studies, Prescott College, Prescott, AZ, United StatesDorena Genetic Resource Center, USDA Forest Service, Cottage Grove, OR, United StatesSchool of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United StatesDorena Genetic Resource Center, USDA Forest Service, Cottage Grove, OR, United StatesWhite pine blister rust, caused by the non-native, invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola, is a significant cause of mortality in white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in North America. Along with climate-driven range contraction, mortality from blister rust can seriously impact the abundance and distribution of the nine white pine species native to the United States and Canada. Very little evaluation of this disease in southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) has been previously undertaken, but genetic resistance to the disease has been documented, including major gene resistance (MGR) conferred by a dominant R gene. Data is emerging suggesting that the species also has quantitative disease resistance (QR). Our results suggest QR occurs at low frequency, with perhaps 10% of trees having a moderate level (> 35% survival). We assessed progeny arrays from 40 P. strobiformis families (1873 seedlings), originating from three populations, inoculated with C. ribicola. Subsequently, the seedlings were assessed for signs, symptoms and resulting impact in a common garden trial over a 7.5-year period to determine the types and frequency of resistance in a portion of this species’ range. There was a high incidence of both stem symptoms and mortality in the P. strobiformis families tested, and families ranged in survival from 0 to 84.6%. Three families had > 70% survival, representing perhaps the highest documented QR to date in a North American white pine species. Approximately 29.1% of the 441 surviving seedlings showed no stem symptoms, and of the approximately 70.8% of seedlings surviving with infections only few (24 of 316) had infections of moderate to high severity. QR traits associated with improved survival were primarily related to lower severity of infection, a reduced number of stem symptoms, and an increased number of bark reactions. Despite the high overall susceptibility, the presence of QR appears to be at a frequency and level useful to forest managers involved in restoration and reforestation efforts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.765871/fullCronartium ribicolaPinus strobiformisbark reactionsfive needle pinesquantitative disease resistancewhite pine blister rust |
| spellingShingle | Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Jeremy S. Johnson Richard A. Sniezko Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Cronartium ribicola Pinus strobiformis bark reactions five needle pines quantitative disease resistance white pine blister rust |
| title | Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range |
| title_full | Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range |
| title_short | Quantitative Disease Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust at Southwestern White Pine’s (Pinus strobiformis) Northern Range |
| title_sort | quantitative disease resistance to white pine blister rust at southwestern white pine s pinus strobiformis northern range |
| topic | Cronartium ribicola Pinus strobiformis bark reactions five needle pines quantitative disease resistance white pine blister rust |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.765871/full |
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