Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels
Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/753 |
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| author | Alexandar M. Zhivkov Svetlana H. Hristova |
| author_facet | Alexandar M. Zhivkov Svetlana H. Hristova |
| author_sort | Alexandar M. Zhivkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:19:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6338555238ad4f7c9946111d11f1c5df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:19:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-6338555238ad4f7c9946111d11f1c5df2023-11-24T08:26:06ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-11-0181175310.3390/gels8110753Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose GelsAlexandar M. Zhivkov0Svetlana H. Hristova1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Medical University—Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaAgarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/753agarose gelsbacteriorhodopsinpurple membranesoptical anisotropyelectric birefringence |
| spellingShingle | Alexandar M. Zhivkov Svetlana H. Hristova Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels Gels agarose gels bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes optical anisotropy electric birefringence |
| title | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
| title_full | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
| title_fullStr | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
| title_short | Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels |
| title_sort | spontaneous and electrically induced anisotropy of composite agarose gels |
| topic | agarose gels bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes optical anisotropy electric birefringence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/753 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandarmzhivkov spontaneousandelectricallyinducedanisotropyofcompositeagarosegels AT svetlanahhristova spontaneousandelectricallyinducedanisotropyofcompositeagarosegels |