Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines
The second law of thermodynamics uses change in free energy of macroscopic systems to set a bound on performed work. Ergotropy plays a similar role in microscopic scenarios, and is defined as the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a system by a unitary operation. In this analysis, w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Quantum |
| Online Access: | https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-17-841/pdf/ |
| _version_ | 1798030192414818304 |
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| author | Tanmoy Biswas Marcin Łobejko Paweł Mazurek Konrad Jałowiecki Michał Horodecki |
| author_facet | Tanmoy Biswas Marcin Łobejko Paweł Mazurek Konrad Jałowiecki Michał Horodecki |
| author_sort | Tanmoy Biswas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The second law of thermodynamics uses change in free energy of macroscopic systems to set a bound on performed work. Ergotropy plays a similar role in microscopic scenarios, and is defined as the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a system by a unitary operation. In this analysis, we quantify how much ergotropy can be induced on a system as a result of system's interaction with a thermal bath, with a perspective of using it as a source of work performed by microscopic machines. We provide the fundamental bound on the amount of ergotropy which can be extracted from environment in this way. The bound is expressed in terms of the non-equilibrium free energy difference and can be saturated in the limit of infinite dimension of the system's Hamiltonian. The ergotropy extraction process leading to this saturation is numerically analyzed for finite dimensional systems. Furthermore, we apply the idea of extraction of ergotropy from environment in a design of a new class of stroke heat engines, which we label open-cycle engines. Efficiency and work production of these machines can be completely optimized for systems of dimensions 2 and 3, and numerical analysis is provided for higher dimensions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T19:36:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6344c01c18884c4a99b50c8736913752 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2521-327X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T19:36:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quantum |
| spelling | doaj.art-6344c01c18884c4a99b50c87369137522022-12-22T04:06:50ZengVerein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den QuantenwissenschaftenQuantum2521-327X2022-10-01684110.22331/q-2022-10-17-84110.22331/q-2022-10-17-841Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle enginesTanmoy BiswasMarcin ŁobejkoPaweł MazurekKonrad JałowieckiMichał HorodeckiThe second law of thermodynamics uses change in free energy of macroscopic systems to set a bound on performed work. Ergotropy plays a similar role in microscopic scenarios, and is defined as the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a system by a unitary operation. In this analysis, we quantify how much ergotropy can be induced on a system as a result of system's interaction with a thermal bath, with a perspective of using it as a source of work performed by microscopic machines. We provide the fundamental bound on the amount of ergotropy which can be extracted from environment in this way. The bound is expressed in terms of the non-equilibrium free energy difference and can be saturated in the limit of infinite dimension of the system's Hamiltonian. The ergotropy extraction process leading to this saturation is numerically analyzed for finite dimensional systems. Furthermore, we apply the idea of extraction of ergotropy from environment in a design of a new class of stroke heat engines, which we label open-cycle engines. Efficiency and work production of these machines can be completely optimized for systems of dimensions 2 and 3, and numerical analysis is provided for higher dimensions.https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-17-841/pdf/ |
| spellingShingle | Tanmoy Biswas Marcin Łobejko Paweł Mazurek Konrad Jałowiecki Michał Horodecki Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines Quantum |
| title | Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| title_full | Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| title_short | Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| title_sort | extraction of ergotropy free energy bound and application to open cycle engines |
| url | https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-10-17-841/pdf/ |
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