Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form
The implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retard...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/1/117 |
| _version_ | 1811323750032867328 |
|---|---|
| author | Anabel Palacios Alvaro De Gracia Laia Haurie Luisa F. Cabeza A. Inés Fernández Camila Barreneche |
| author_facet | Anabel Palacios Alvaro De Gracia Laia Haurie Luisa F. Cabeza A. Inés Fernández Camila Barreneche |
| author_sort | Anabel Palacios |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retardants to PCMs or shape-stabilized PCMs is one of the approaches to address this problem and improve their final deployment in the building material sector. In this study, the most common organic PCM, Paraffin RT-21, and fatty acids mixtures of capric acid (CA), myristic acid (MA), and palmitic acid (PA) in bulk, were tested to improve their fire reaction. Several flame retardants, such as ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, hydromagnesite, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide, were tested. The properties of the improved PCM with flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), the dripping test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results for the dripping test show that fire retardancy was considerably enhanced by the addition of hydromagnesite (50 wt %) and magnesium hydroxide (50 wt %) in fatty acids mixtures. This will help the final implementation of these enhanced PCMs in building sector. The influence of the addition of flame retardants on the melting enthalpy and temperatures of PCMs has been evaluated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:00:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6346f720c8994bb6a6c23e40a8992d32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:00:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6346f720c8994bb6a6c23e40a8992d322022-12-22T02:44:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442018-01-0111111710.3390/ma11010117ma11010117Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk FormAnabel Palacios0Alvaro De Gracia1Laia Haurie2Luisa F. Cabeza3A. Inés Fernández4Camila Barreneche5Department of Materials Science & Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartament d’Enginyeria Mecanica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, SpainDepartament de Tecnologia de l’Arquitectura, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Dr. Marañon 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, SpainGREA Innovació Concurrent, Universitat de Lleida, Edifici CREA, Pere de Cabrera s/n, 25001 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Materials Science & Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Materials Science & Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainThe implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retardants to PCMs or shape-stabilized PCMs is one of the approaches to address this problem and improve their final deployment in the building material sector. In this study, the most common organic PCM, Paraffin RT-21, and fatty acids mixtures of capric acid (CA), myristic acid (MA), and palmitic acid (PA) in bulk, were tested to improve their fire reaction. Several flame retardants, such as ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, hydromagnesite, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide, were tested. The properties of the improved PCM with flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), the dripping test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results for the dripping test show that fire retardancy was considerably enhanced by the addition of hydromagnesite (50 wt %) and magnesium hydroxide (50 wt %) in fatty acids mixtures. This will help the final implementation of these enhanced PCMs in building sector. The influence of the addition of flame retardants on the melting enthalpy and temperatures of PCMs has been evaluated.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/1/117phase change materials (PCMs)thermal energy storage (TES)flame retardantsdripping testdifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
| spellingShingle | Anabel Palacios Alvaro De Gracia Laia Haurie Luisa F. Cabeza A. Inés Fernández Camila Barreneche Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form Materials phase change materials (PCMs) thermal energy storage (TES) flame retardants dripping test differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
| title | Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form |
| title_full | Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form |
| title_short | Study of the Thermal Properties and the Fire Performance of Flame Retardant-Organic PCM in Bulk Form |
| title_sort | study of the thermal properties and the fire performance of flame retardant organic pcm in bulk form |
| topic | phase change materials (PCMs) thermal energy storage (TES) flame retardants dripping test differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/1/117 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anabelpalacios studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform AT alvarodegracia studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform AT laiahaurie studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform AT luisafcabeza studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform AT ainesfernandez studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform AT camilabarreneche studyofthethermalpropertiesandthefireperformanceofflameretardantorganicpcminbulkform |