LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability
In this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the ge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/3/82 |
| _version_ | 1797472214176497664 |
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| author | Jun-Sub Kim Ssang-Taek Steve Lim |
| author_facet | Jun-Sub Kim Ssang-Taek Steve Lim |
| author_sort | Jun-Sub Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of various cell-signaling proteins. Red LED light increased cell viability at all intensities, whereas strong green and blue LED light reduced cell viability, and this effect was reversed by NAC or DPI treatment. Red LED light caused an increase in ROS formation according to the increase in the intensity of the LED light, and green and blue LED lights led to sharp increases in ROS formation. In the initial reaction to LEDs, red LED light only increased the phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), whereas green and blue LED lights increased the phosphorylation of inhibitory-κB Kinase α (IKKα), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The phosphorylation of these intracellular proteins was reduced via FAK inhibitor, NAC, and DPI treatments. Even after 24 h of LED irradiation, the activity of FAK and ERK appeared in cells treated with red LED light but did not appear in cells treated with green and blue LED lights. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was confirmed along with cell detachment. Therefore, our results suggest that red LED light induced mitogenic effects via low levels of ROS–FAK–ERK, while green and blue LED lights induced cytotoxic effects via cellular stress and apoptosis signaling resulting from high levels of ROS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:58:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-635410637a7a499396c1025d2e872536 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:58:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-635410637a7a499396c1025d2e8725362023-11-24T00:48:26ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452022-03-014431235124610.3390/cimb44030082LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell ViabilityJun-Sub Kim0Ssang-Taek Steve Lim1Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Chungbuk, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USAIn this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of various cell-signaling proteins. Red LED light increased cell viability at all intensities, whereas strong green and blue LED light reduced cell viability, and this effect was reversed by NAC or DPI treatment. Red LED light caused an increase in ROS formation according to the increase in the intensity of the LED light, and green and blue LED lights led to sharp increases in ROS formation. In the initial reaction to LEDs, red LED light only increased the phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), whereas green and blue LED lights increased the phosphorylation of inhibitory-κB Kinase α (IKKα), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The phosphorylation of these intracellular proteins was reduced via FAK inhibitor, NAC, and DPI treatments. Even after 24 h of LED irradiation, the activity of FAK and ERK appeared in cells treated with red LED light but did not appear in cells treated with green and blue LED lights. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was confirmed along with cell detachment. Therefore, our results suggest that red LED light induced mitogenic effects via low levels of ROS–FAK–ERK, while green and blue LED lights induced cytotoxic effects via cellular stress and apoptosis signaling resulting from high levels of ROS.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/3/82FAKLED lightROSHaCaTskin |
| spellingShingle | Jun-Sub Kim Ssang-Taek Steve Lim LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability Current Issues in Molecular Biology FAK LED light ROS HaCaT skin |
| title | LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability |
| title_full | LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability |
| title_fullStr | LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability |
| title_full_unstemmed | LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability |
| title_short | LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability |
| title_sort | led light induced ros differentially regulates focal adhesion kinase activity in hacat cell viability |
| topic | FAK LED light ROS HaCaT skin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/3/82 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT junsubkim ledlightinducedrosdifferentiallyregulatesfocaladhesionkinaseactivityinhacatcellviability AT ssangtaekstevelim ledlightinducedrosdifferentiallyregulatesfocaladhesionkinaseactivityinhacatcellviability |