Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor
This paper discusses a state-of-the-art inline tubular sensor that can measure the viscosity–density <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvaria...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3036 |
| _version_ | 1797566881546108928 |
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| author | Daniel Brunner Joe Goodbread Klaus Häusler Sunil Kumar Gernot Boiger Hassan A. Khawaja |
| author_facet | Daniel Brunner Joe Goodbread Klaus Häusler Sunil Kumar Gernot Boiger Hassan A. Khawaja |
| author_sort | Daniel Brunner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper discusses a state-of-the-art inline tubular sensor that can measure the viscosity–density <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">ρ</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">η</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> of a passing fluid. In this study, experiments and numerical modelling were performed to develop a deeper understanding of the tubular sensor. Experimental results were compared with an analytical model of the torsional resonator. Good agreement was found at low viscosities, although the numerical model deviated slightly at higher viscosities. The sensor was used to measure viscosities in the range of 0.3–1000 mPa·s at a density of 1000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Above 50 mPa·s, numerical models predicted viscosity within ±5% of actual measurement. However, for lower viscosities, there was a higher deviation between model and experimental results up to a maximum of ±21% deviation at 0.3 mPa·s. The sensor was tested in a flow loop to determine the impact of both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. No significant deviations from the static case were found in either of the flow regimes. The numerical model developed for the tubular torsional sensor was shown to predict the sensor behavior over a wide range, enabling model-based design scaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-635a93297f2b46f1a9419550e9b9f1cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-635a93297f2b46f1a9419550e9b9f1cc2023-11-20T01:53:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-05-012011303610.3390/s20113036Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density SensorDaniel Brunner0Joe Goodbread1Klaus Häusler2Sunil Kumar3Gernot Boiger4Hassan A. Khawaja5Institute of Computational Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, ZHAW, 8400 Winterthur, SwitzerlandRheonics GmbH, 8406 Winterthur, SwitzerlandRheonics GmbH, 8406 Winterthur, SwitzerlandRheonics GmbH, 8406 Winterthur, SwitzerlandInstitute of Computational Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, ZHAW, 8400 Winterthur, SwitzerlandFaculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Department of Automation and Process Engineering, The Arctic University of Norway, UiT, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, NorwayThis paper discusses a state-of-the-art inline tubular sensor that can measure the viscosity–density <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">ρ</mi> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">η</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> of a passing fluid. In this study, experiments and numerical modelling were performed to develop a deeper understanding of the tubular sensor. Experimental results were compared with an analytical model of the torsional resonator. Good agreement was found at low viscosities, although the numerical model deviated slightly at higher viscosities. The sensor was used to measure viscosities in the range of 0.3–1000 mPa·s at a density of 1000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Above 50 mPa·s, numerical models predicted viscosity within ±5% of actual measurement. However, for lower viscosities, there was a higher deviation between model and experimental results up to a maximum of ±21% deviation at 0.3 mPa·s. The sensor was tested in a flow loop to determine the impact of both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. No significant deviations from the static case were found in either of the flow regimes. The numerical model developed for the tubular torsional sensor was shown to predict the sensor behavior over a wide range, enabling model-based design scaling.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3036viscometerviscosity–density sensorviscosity measurementtorsional resonatorfluid–structure interaction |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Brunner Joe Goodbread Klaus Häusler Sunil Kumar Gernot Boiger Hassan A. Khawaja Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor Sensors viscometer viscosity–density sensor viscosity measurement torsional resonator fluid–structure interaction |
| title | Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor |
| title_full | Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor |
| title_short | Analysis of a Tubular Torsionally Resonating Viscosity–Density Sensor |
| title_sort | analysis of a tubular torsionally resonating viscosity density sensor |
| topic | viscometer viscosity–density sensor viscosity measurement torsional resonator fluid–structure interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3036 |
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