Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft
As a non-crosslinked osteochondral xenograft would be mechanically inferior to native cartilage and vulnerable to premature degradation, we seek a safe and effective method of xenograft stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to stabi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/8/4/43 |
| _version_ | 1828113556645609472 |
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| author | Steven Elder John Clune Jaylyn Walker Paul Gloth |
| author_facet | Steven Elder John Clune Jaylyn Walker Paul Gloth |
| author_sort | Steven Elder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a non-crosslinked osteochondral xenograft would be mechanically inferior to native cartilage and vulnerable to premature degradation, we seek a safe and effective method of xenograft stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to stabilize a decellularized porcine osteochondral xenograft through collagen crosslinking. Our objectives were to assess the effects of EGCG on the degree of crosslinking, mechanical properties, collagenase resistance, cytotoxicity, and in vitro biocompatibility. EGCG is a green tea polyphenol that acts as a collagen crosslinker. Porcine osteochondral plugs were decellularized and then crosslinked by soaking in EGCG. The degree of crosslinking, cartilage compressive stiffness, cartilage-bone interface strength, coefficient of friction, and residual mass after collagenase exposure all increased with an increasing EGCG concentration. With the exception of the coefficient of friction, EGCG treatment could restore mechanical properties to levels equal to, or exceeding those, of native cartilage. EGCG treatment profoundly increased the enzymatic resistance, and 1% EGCG provided protection equivalent to 1% glutaraldehyde. EGCG up to 0.5 mM was essentially not cytotoxic to chondrocytes embedded in alginate, and autologous chondrocytes attached to decellularized, EGCG-fixed cartilage were all viable five days after seeding. Results demonstrate that EGCG has many beneficial effects on a decellularized osteochondral xenograft, and may be suitable for use in stabilizing such a graft prior to implantation for the repair of a defect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:08:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6364465b13c9448b93acdf8612ff17fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:08:26Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6364465b13c9448b93acdf8612ff17fd2022-12-22T04:24:40ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832017-09-01844310.3390/jfb8040043jfb8040043Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral XenograftSteven Elder0John Clune1Jaylyn Walker2Paul Gloth3Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAAgricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAAgricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAAgricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAAs a non-crosslinked osteochondral xenograft would be mechanically inferior to native cartilage and vulnerable to premature degradation, we seek a safe and effective method of xenograft stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to stabilize a decellularized porcine osteochondral xenograft through collagen crosslinking. Our objectives were to assess the effects of EGCG on the degree of crosslinking, mechanical properties, collagenase resistance, cytotoxicity, and in vitro biocompatibility. EGCG is a green tea polyphenol that acts as a collagen crosslinker. Porcine osteochondral plugs were decellularized and then crosslinked by soaking in EGCG. The degree of crosslinking, cartilage compressive stiffness, cartilage-bone interface strength, coefficient of friction, and residual mass after collagenase exposure all increased with an increasing EGCG concentration. With the exception of the coefficient of friction, EGCG treatment could restore mechanical properties to levels equal to, or exceeding those, of native cartilage. EGCG treatment profoundly increased the enzymatic resistance, and 1% EGCG provided protection equivalent to 1% glutaraldehyde. EGCG up to 0.5 mM was essentially not cytotoxic to chondrocytes embedded in alginate, and autologous chondrocytes attached to decellularized, EGCG-fixed cartilage were all viable five days after seeding. Results demonstrate that EGCG has many beneficial effects on a decellularized osteochondral xenograft, and may be suitable for use in stabilizing such a graft prior to implantation for the repair of a defect.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/8/4/43osteochondral xenograftepigallocatechin gallatecrosslinking |
| spellingShingle | Steven Elder John Clune Jaylyn Walker Paul Gloth Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft Journal of Functional Biomaterials osteochondral xenograft epigallocatechin gallate crosslinking |
| title | Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft |
| title_full | Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft |
| title_fullStr | Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft |
| title_short | Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft |
| title_sort | suitability of egcg as a means of stabilizing a porcine osteochondral xenograft |
| topic | osteochondral xenograft epigallocatechin gallate crosslinking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/8/4/43 |
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