Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/433 |
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| author | Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer |
| author_facet | Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer |
| author_sort | Xorla Kanfra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <i>Tagetes patula</i> or <i>Tagetes tenuifolia</i> were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of <i>Tagetes</i> species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either <i>Tagetes</i> or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on <i>Tagetes</i>-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes</i> alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:27:32Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:27:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-63661ef9634e4eddbf24b0d762d56e9b2023-11-22T23:33:37ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-10-0171143310.3390/horticulturae7110433Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>Xorla Kanfra0Taye Obawolu1Andreas Wrede2Bernhard Strolka3Traud Winkelmann4Bernd Hardeweg5Holger Heuer6Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, GermanyDivision of Plant Pathology & Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Horticulture, Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein, 25373 Ellerhoop, GermanyCentre for Business Management in Horticulture and Applied Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, GermanyWoody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, GermanyFaculty of Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW) Dresden—University of Applied Sciences, 01069 Dresden, GermanyInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, GermanyApple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <i>Tagetes patula</i> or <i>Tagetes tenuifolia</i> were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of <i>Tagetes</i> species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either <i>Tagetes</i> or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on <i>Tagetes</i>-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes</i> alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/433<i>Tagetes</i>marigoldapple replant diseasenematodespest controlsoil biome management |
| spellingShingle | Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> Horticulturae <i>Tagetes</i> marigold apple replant disease nematodes pest control soil biome management |
| title | Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> |
| title_full | Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> |
| title_fullStr | Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> |
| title_short | Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> |
| title_sort | alleviation of nematode mediated apple replant disease by pre cultivation of i tagetes i |
| topic | <i>Tagetes</i> marigold apple replant disease nematodes pest control soil biome management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/433 |
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