Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a globally emerging Gram-negative bacillus that is widely spread in environment and hospital equipment. Recently, the incidence of infections caused by this organism has increased, particularly in patients with hematological malignancy and in recipien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fonc.2014.00232/full |
| _version_ | 1818247960500109312 |
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| author | Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi ASMA M AL-JASSER |
| author_facet | Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi ASMA M AL-JASSER |
| author_sort | Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a globally emerging Gram-negative bacillus that is widely spread in environment and hospital equipment. Recently, the incidence of infections caused by this organism has increased, particularly in patients with hematological malignancy and in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation having neutropenia, mucositis, diarrhea, central venous catheters or graft versus host disease and receiving intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy or broad-spectrum antibiotics. The spectrum of infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients includes: pneumonia, urinary tract and surgical site infection, peritonitis, bacteremia, septic shock and infection of indwelling medical devices. The organism exhibits intrinsic resistance to many classes of antibiotics including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, most of the third generation cephalosporins and other β-lactams. Despite the increasingly reported drug resistance, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still the drug of choice However, the organism is still susceptible to: ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, polymyxin-B and rifampicin. Genetic factors play a significant role not only in evolution of drug resistance but also in virulence of the organism. The outcome of patients having S. maltophilia infections can be improved by: using various combinations of novel therapeutic agents and aerosolized aminoglycosides or colistin, prompt administration of in-vitro active antibiotics, removal of possible sources of infection such as infected indwelling intravacular catheters and application of strict infection control measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:13:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6368fc1c5f514cc1be14c1a800ea9ee0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:13:00Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6368fc1c5f514cc1be14c1a800ea9ee02022-12-22T00:20:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2014-08-01410.3389/fonc.2014.0023296166Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantationKhalid Ahmed Al-Anazi0ASMA M AL-JASSER1Colege of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Central Regional LaboratoryStenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a globally emerging Gram-negative bacillus that is widely spread in environment and hospital equipment. Recently, the incidence of infections caused by this organism has increased, particularly in patients with hematological malignancy and in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation having neutropenia, mucositis, diarrhea, central venous catheters or graft versus host disease and receiving intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy or broad-spectrum antibiotics. The spectrum of infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients includes: pneumonia, urinary tract and surgical site infection, peritonitis, bacteremia, septic shock and infection of indwelling medical devices. The organism exhibits intrinsic resistance to many classes of antibiotics including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, most of the third generation cephalosporins and other β-lactams. Despite the increasingly reported drug resistance, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still the drug of choice However, the organism is still susceptible to: ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, polymyxin-B and rifampicin. Genetic factors play a significant role not only in evolution of drug resistance but also in virulence of the organism. The outcome of patients having S. maltophilia infections can be improved by: using various combinations of novel therapeutic agents and aerosolized aminoglycosides or colistin, prompt administration of in-vitro active antibiotics, removal of possible sources of infection such as infected indwelling intravacular catheters and application of strict infection control measures.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fonc.2014.00232/fullBacteremiaDrug Resistance, MicrobialHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole CombinationStenotophomonas maltophilia |
| spellingShingle | Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi ASMA M AL-JASSER Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Frontiers in Oncology Bacteremia Drug Resistance, Microbial Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Stenotophomonas maltophilia |
| title | Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| title_full | Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| title_fullStr | Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| title_short | Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| title_sort | infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| topic | Bacteremia Drug Resistance, Microbial Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination Stenotophomonas maltophilia |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fonc.2014.00232/full |
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