Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity
Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes is critical for improving the world’s agriculture under climate change scenarios. Herein, the physiological and metabolic responses of <i>Suaeda monoica</i>, <i>Suaeda vermiculata</i>, and <i>Suaeda schimperi</i&g...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/537 |
| _version_ | 1797477022796087296 |
|---|---|
| author | Farag Ibraheem Ateeq Al-Zahrani Ahmed Mosa |
| author_facet | Farag Ibraheem Ateeq Al-Zahrani Ahmed Mosa |
| author_sort | Farag Ibraheem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes is critical for improving the world’s agriculture under climate change scenarios. Herein, the physiological and metabolic responses of <i>Suaeda monoica</i>, <i>Suaeda vermiculata</i>, and <i>Suaeda schimperi</i> against abiotic stress in their natural saline environment on the east coast of the Red Sea were investigated. The tested species are exposed to different levels of salinity along with elemental disorders, including deficiency in essential nutrients (N&P in particular) and/or elevated levels of potentially toxic elements. The tested species employed common and species-specific tolerance mechanisms that are driven by the level of salinity and the genetic constitution of <i>Suaeda</i> species. These mechanisms include: (i) utilization of inorganic elements as cheap osmotica (Na+ in particular), (ii) lowering C/N ratio (<i>S. monoica</i> and <i>S. schimperi</i>) that benefits growth priority, (iii) efficient utilization of low soil N (<i>S. vermiculata</i>) that ensures survival priority, (v) biosynthesis of betacyanin (<i>S. schimperi</i> and <i>S. vermiculata</i>) and (vi) downregulation of overall metabolism (<i>S. vermiculata</i>) to avoid oxidative stress. Based on their cellular metal accumulation, <i>S. monoica</i> is an efficient phytoextractor of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas <i>S. vermiculata</i> is a hyper-accumulator of Hg and Pb. <i>S. schimperi</i> is an effective phytoextractor of Fe, Hg, and Cr. These results highlight the significance of <i>Suaeda</i> species as a promising model halophyte and as phytoremediators of their hostile environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-636b612fa91445499569e707053eacb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-636b612fa91445499569e707053eacb12023-11-23T21:43:00ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-02-0111453710.3390/plants11040537Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation CapacityFarag Ibraheem0Ateeq Al-Zahrani1Ahmed Mosa2Biology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi ArabiaBiology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi ArabiaSoils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptUnderstanding salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes is critical for improving the world’s agriculture under climate change scenarios. Herein, the physiological and metabolic responses of <i>Suaeda monoica</i>, <i>Suaeda vermiculata</i>, and <i>Suaeda schimperi</i> against abiotic stress in their natural saline environment on the east coast of the Red Sea were investigated. The tested species are exposed to different levels of salinity along with elemental disorders, including deficiency in essential nutrients (N&P in particular) and/or elevated levels of potentially toxic elements. The tested species employed common and species-specific tolerance mechanisms that are driven by the level of salinity and the genetic constitution of <i>Suaeda</i> species. These mechanisms include: (i) utilization of inorganic elements as cheap osmotica (Na+ in particular), (ii) lowering C/N ratio (<i>S. monoica</i> and <i>S. schimperi</i>) that benefits growth priority, (iii) efficient utilization of low soil N (<i>S. vermiculata</i>) that ensures survival priority, (v) biosynthesis of betacyanin (<i>S. schimperi</i> and <i>S. vermiculata</i>) and (vi) downregulation of overall metabolism (<i>S. vermiculata</i>) to avoid oxidative stress. Based on their cellular metal accumulation, <i>S. monoica</i> is an efficient phytoextractor of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas <i>S. vermiculata</i> is a hyper-accumulator of Hg and Pb. <i>S. schimperi</i> is an effective phytoextractor of Fe, Hg, and Cr. These results highlight the significance of <i>Suaeda</i> species as a promising model halophyte and as phytoremediators of their hostile environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/537<i>Suaeda</i>salinityphysiologyoxidative stresspotential toxic elementsbetacyanin |
| spellingShingle | Farag Ibraheem Ateeq Al-Zahrani Ahmed Mosa Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity Plants <i>Suaeda</i> salinity physiology oxidative stress potential toxic elements betacyanin |
| title | Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity |
| title_full | Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity |
| title_fullStr | Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity |
| title_short | Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic <i>Suaeda</i> Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity |
| title_sort | physiological adaptation of three wild halophytic i suaeda i species salt tolerance strategies and metal accumulation capacity |
| topic | <i>Suaeda</i> salinity physiology oxidative stress potential toxic elements betacyanin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/537 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT faragibraheem physiologicaladaptationofthreewildhalophyticisuaedaispeciessalttolerancestrategiesandmetalaccumulationcapacity AT ateeqalzahrani physiologicaladaptationofthreewildhalophyticisuaedaispeciessalttolerancestrategiesandmetalaccumulationcapacity AT ahmedmosa physiologicaladaptationofthreewildhalophyticisuaedaispeciessalttolerancestrategiesandmetalaccumulationcapacity |