The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle>
AimsA number of anti-retroviral therapies (ART) have been implicated in potentially contributing to HIV-associated bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination ART on the fracture healing process.MethodsA total of 16 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Bone & Joint Research |
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| Online Access: | https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0523.R2 |
| _version_ | 1818517499137753088 |
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| author | Simon M. Graham Murtadhah M. K. Jalal David G. Lalloo A. Hamish R. W. Simpson |
| author_facet | Simon M. Graham Murtadhah M. K. Jalal David G. Lalloo A. Hamish R. W. Simpson |
| author_sort | Simon M. Graham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AimsA number of anti-retroviral therapies (ART) have been implicated in potentially contributing to HIV-associated bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination ART on the fracture healing process.MethodsA total of 16 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = eight each): Group 1 was given a combination of Tenfovir 30 mg, Lamivudine 30 mg, and Efavirenz 60 mg per day orally, whereas Group 2 was used as a control. After one week of medication preload, all rats underwent a standardized surgical procedure of mid-shaft tibial osteotomy fixed by intramedullary nail with no gap at the fracture site. Progress in fracture healing was monitored regularly for eight weeks. Further evaluations were carried out after euthanasia by micro-CT, mechanically and histologically. Two blinded orthopaedic surgeons used the Radiological Union Scoring system for the Tibia (RUST) to determine fracture healing.ResultsThe fracture healing process was different between the two groups at week 4 after surgery; only two out of eight rats showed full healing in Group 1 (ART-treated), while seven out of eight rats had bone union in Group 2 (control) (p = 0.040). However, at week eight postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in bone healing; seven out of eight progressed to full union in both groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that combination ART resulted in delayed fracture healing at week 4 after surgery in rats, but did not result in the development of nonunion.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):585–593. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6373f614ee72494e8c639c2698c417b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-3758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bone & Joint Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6373f614ee72494e8c639c2698c417b52022-12-22T01:26:26ZengThe British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint SurgeryBone & Joint Research2046-37582022-08-0111858559310.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0523.R2The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle>Simon M. Graham0Murtadhah M. K. Jalal1David G. Lalloo2A. Hamish R. W. Simpson3Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKAimsA number of anti-retroviral therapies (ART) have been implicated in potentially contributing to HIV-associated bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination ART on the fracture healing process.MethodsA total of 16 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = eight each): Group 1 was given a combination of Tenfovir 30 mg, Lamivudine 30 mg, and Efavirenz 60 mg per day orally, whereas Group 2 was used as a control. After one week of medication preload, all rats underwent a standardized surgical procedure of mid-shaft tibial osteotomy fixed by intramedullary nail with no gap at the fracture site. Progress in fracture healing was monitored regularly for eight weeks. Further evaluations were carried out after euthanasia by micro-CT, mechanically and histologically. Two blinded orthopaedic surgeons used the Radiological Union Scoring system for the Tibia (RUST) to determine fracture healing.ResultsThe fracture healing process was different between the two groups at week 4 after surgery; only two out of eight rats showed full healing in Group 1 (ART-treated), while seven out of eight rats had bone union in Group 2 (control) (p = 0.040). However, at week eight postoperatively, there was no statistical difference in bone healing; seven out of eight progressed to full union in both groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that combination ART resulted in delayed fracture healing at week 4 after surgery in rats, but did not result in the development of nonunion.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):585–593.https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0523.R2HIVAnti-retroviral therapyBone diseaseFracture healingNonunion |
| spellingShingle | Simon M. Graham Murtadhah M. K. Jalal David G. Lalloo A. Hamish R. W. Simpson The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> Bone & Joint Research HIV Anti-retroviral therapy Bone disease Fracture healing Nonunion |
| title | The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> |
| title_full | The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> |
| title_fullStr | The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> |
| title_short | The effect of anti-retroviral therapy on fracture healing <subtitle>an in vivo animal model</subtitle> |
| title_sort | effect of anti retroviral therapy on fracture healing subtitle an in vivo animal model subtitle |
| topic | HIV Anti-retroviral therapy Bone disease Fracture healing Nonunion |
| url | https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/10.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0523.R2 |
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