Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity.
BACKGROUND: The cause of autoimmunity, which is unknown, is investigated from a different angle, i.e., the defect in immune 'system', to explain the cause of autoimmunity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Repeated immunization with antigen causes systemic autoimmunity in mice otherwise not...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2009-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2795160?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818527418763182080 |
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| author | Ken Tsumiyama Yumi Miyazaki Shunichi Shiozawa |
| author_facet | Ken Tsumiyama Yumi Miyazaki Shunichi Shiozawa |
| author_sort | Ken Tsumiyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: The cause of autoimmunity, which is unknown, is investigated from a different angle, i.e., the defect in immune 'system', to explain the cause of autoimmunity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Repeated immunization with antigen causes systemic autoimmunity in mice otherwise not prone to spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Overstimulation of CD4(+) T cells led to the development of autoantibody-inducing CD4(+) T (aiCD4(+) T) cell which had undergone T cell receptor (TCR) revision and was capable of inducing autoantibodies. The aiCD4(+) T cell was induced by de novo TCR revision but not by cross-reaction, and subsequently overstimulated CD8(+) T cells, driving them to become antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). These CTLs could be further matured by antigen cross-presentation, after which they caused autoimmune tissue injury akin to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Systemic autoimmunity appears to be the inevitable consequence of over-stimulating the host's immune 'system' by repeated immunization with antigen, to the levels that surpass system's self-organized criticality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:35:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6377177ae0fb43c9837b9e60d97e5df1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:35:55Z |
| publishDate | 2009-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-6377177ae0fb43c9837b9e60d97e5df12022-12-22T01:17:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032009-01-01412e838210.1371/journal.pone.0008382Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity.Ken TsumiyamaYumi MiyazakiShunichi ShiozawaBACKGROUND: The cause of autoimmunity, which is unknown, is investigated from a different angle, i.e., the defect in immune 'system', to explain the cause of autoimmunity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Repeated immunization with antigen causes systemic autoimmunity in mice otherwise not prone to spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Overstimulation of CD4(+) T cells led to the development of autoantibody-inducing CD4(+) T (aiCD4(+) T) cell which had undergone T cell receptor (TCR) revision and was capable of inducing autoantibodies. The aiCD4(+) T cell was induced by de novo TCR revision but not by cross-reaction, and subsequently overstimulated CD8(+) T cells, driving them to become antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). These CTLs could be further matured by antigen cross-presentation, after which they caused autoimmune tissue injury akin to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Systemic autoimmunity appears to be the inevitable consequence of over-stimulating the host's immune 'system' by repeated immunization with antigen, to the levels that surpass system's self-organized criticality.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2795160?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Ken Tsumiyama Yumi Miyazaki Shunichi Shiozawa Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. PLoS ONE |
| title | Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. |
| title_full | Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. |
| title_fullStr | Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. |
| title_short | Self-organized criticality theory of autoimmunity. |
| title_sort | self organized criticality theory of autoimmunity |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2795160?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kentsumiyama selforganizedcriticalitytheoryofautoimmunity AT yumimiyazaki selforganizedcriticalitytheoryofautoimmunity AT shunichishiozawa selforganizedcriticalitytheoryofautoimmunity |