Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source

Abstract A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield an...

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Main Authors: E. Aprile, K. Abe, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, M. Alfonsi, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, J. R. Angevaare, V. C. Antochi, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. L. Baxter, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, A. Brown, S. Bruenner, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, T. K. Bui, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. Cichon, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, J. P. Cussonneau, V. D’Andrea, M. P. Decowski, P. Di Gangi, S. Di Pede, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, S. Farrell, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, W. Fulgione, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Galloway, F. Gao, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, M. Guida, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, J. Howlett, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, A. Joy, N. Kato, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, G. Koltman, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, D. Masson, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, M. Messina, K. Miuchi, K. Mizukoshi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, J. Palacio, R. Peres, C. Peters, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, V. Pizzella, G. Plante, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, S. Reichard, A. Rocchetti, N. Rupp, L. Sanchez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, D. Schulte, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, E. Shockley, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P.-L. Tan, A. Terliuk, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, G. Volta, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, T. Wolf, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, S. Zerbo, M. Zhong, T. Zhu, C. Geppert, J. Riemer, XENON Collaboration
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2023-06-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11512-z
_version_ 1827894894141636608
author E. Aprile
K. Abe
F. Agostini
S. Ahmed Maouloud
M. Alfonsi
L. Althueser
B. Andrieu
E. Angelino
J. R. Angevaare
V. C. Antochi
D. Antón Martin
F. Arneodo
L. Baudis
A. L. Baxter
L. Bellagamba
R. Biondi
A. Bismark
A. Brown
S. Bruenner
G. Bruno
R. Budnik
T. K. Bui
C. Cai
C. Capelli
J. M. R. Cardoso
D. Cichon
A. P. Colijn
J. Conrad
J. J. Cuenca-García
J. P. Cussonneau
V. D’Andrea
M. P. Decowski
P. Di Gangi
S. Di Pede
S. Diglio
K. Eitel
A. Elykov
S. Farrell
A. D. Ferella
C. Ferrari
H. Fischer
W. Fulgione
P. Gaemers
R. Gaior
A. Gallo Rosso
M. Galloway
F. Gao
R. Glade-Beucke
L. Grandi
J. Grigat
M. Guida
R. Hammann
A. Higuera
C. Hils
L. Hoetzsch
J. Howlett
M. Iacovacci
Y. Itow
J. Jakob
F. Joerg
A. Joy
N. Kato
M. Kara
P. Kavrigin
S. Kazama
M. Kobayashi
G. Koltman
A. Kopec
F. Kuger
H. Landsman
R. F. Lang
L. Levinson
I. Li
S. Li
S. Liang
S. Lindemann
M. Lindner
K. Liu
J. Loizeau
F. Lombardi
J. Long
J. A. M. Lopes
Y. Ma
C. Macolino
J. Mahlstedt
A. Mancuso
L. Manenti
F. Marignetti
T. Marrodán Undagoitia
K. Martens
J. Masbou
D. Masson
E. Masson
S. Mastroianni
M. Messina
K. Miuchi
K. Mizukoshi
A. Molinario
S. Moriyama
K. Morå
Y. Mosbacher
M. Murra
J. Müller
K. Ni
U. Oberlack
B. Paetsch
J. Palacio
R. Peres
C. Peters
J. Pienaar
M. Pierre
V. Pizzella
G. Plante
J. Qi
J. Qin
D. Ramírez García
S. Reichard
A. Rocchetti
N. Rupp
L. Sanchez
P. Sanchez-Lucas
J. M. F. dos Santos
I. Sarnoff
G. Sartorelli
J. Schreiner
D. Schulte
P. Schulte
H. Schulze Eißing
M. Schumann
L. Scotto Lavina
M. Selvi
F. Semeria
P. Shagin
S. Shi
E. Shockley
M. Silva
H. Simgen
A. Takeda
P.-L. Tan
A. Terliuk
D. Thers
F. Toschi
G. Trinchero
C. Tunnell
F. Tönnies
K. Valerius
G. Volta
C. Weinheimer
M. Weiss
D. Wenz
C. Wittweg
T. Wolf
D. Xu
Z. Xu
M. Yamashita
L. Yang
J. Ye
L. Yuan
G. Zavattini
S. Zerbo
M. Zhong
T. Zhu
C. Geppert
J. Riemer
XENON Collaboration
author_facet E. Aprile
K. Abe
F. Agostini
S. Ahmed Maouloud
M. Alfonsi
L. Althueser
B. Andrieu
E. Angelino
J. R. Angevaare
V. C. Antochi
D. Antón Martin
F. Arneodo
L. Baudis
A. L. Baxter
L. Bellagamba
R. Biondi
A. Bismark
A. Brown
S. Bruenner
G. Bruno
R. Budnik
T. K. Bui
C. Cai
C. Capelli
J. M. R. Cardoso
D. Cichon
A. P. Colijn
J. Conrad
J. J. Cuenca-García
J. P. Cussonneau
V. D’Andrea
M. P. Decowski
P. Di Gangi
S. Di Pede
S. Diglio
K. Eitel
A. Elykov
S. Farrell
A. D. Ferella
C. Ferrari
H. Fischer
W. Fulgione
P. Gaemers
R. Gaior
A. Gallo Rosso
M. Galloway
F. Gao
R. Glade-Beucke
L. Grandi
J. Grigat
M. Guida
R. Hammann
A. Higuera
C. Hils
L. Hoetzsch
J. Howlett
M. Iacovacci
Y. Itow
J. Jakob
F. Joerg
A. Joy
N. Kato
M. Kara
P. Kavrigin
S. Kazama
M. Kobayashi
G. Koltman
A. Kopec
F. Kuger
H. Landsman
R. F. Lang
L. Levinson
I. Li
S. Li
S. Liang
S. Lindemann
M. Lindner
K. Liu
J. Loizeau
F. Lombardi
J. Long
J. A. M. Lopes
Y. Ma
C. Macolino
J. Mahlstedt
A. Mancuso
L. Manenti
F. Marignetti
T. Marrodán Undagoitia
K. Martens
J. Masbou
D. Masson
E. Masson
S. Mastroianni
M. Messina
K. Miuchi
K. Mizukoshi
A. Molinario
S. Moriyama
K. Morå
Y. Mosbacher
M. Murra
J. Müller
K. Ni
U. Oberlack
B. Paetsch
J. Palacio
R. Peres
C. Peters
J. Pienaar
M. Pierre
V. Pizzella
G. Plante
J. Qi
J. Qin
D. Ramírez García
S. Reichard
A. Rocchetti
N. Rupp
L. Sanchez
P. Sanchez-Lucas
J. M. F. dos Santos
I. Sarnoff
G. Sartorelli
J. Schreiner
D. Schulte
P. Schulte
H. Schulze Eißing
M. Schumann
L. Scotto Lavina
M. Selvi
F. Semeria
P. Shagin
S. Shi
E. Shockley
M. Silva
H. Simgen
A. Takeda
P.-L. Tan
A. Terliuk
D. Thers
F. Toschi
G. Trinchero
C. Tunnell
F. Tönnies
K. Valerius
G. Volta
C. Weinheimer
M. Weiss
D. Wenz
C. Wittweg
T. Wolf
D. Xu
Z. Xu
M. Yamashita
L. Yang
J. Ye
L. Yuan
G. Zavattini
S. Zerbo
M. Zhong
T. Zhu
C. Geppert
J. Riemer
XENON Collaboration
author_sort E. Aprile
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be ( $$32.3\,\pm \,0.3$$ 32.3 ± 0.3 ) photons/keV and ( $$40.6\,\pm \,0.5$$ 40.6 ± 0.5 ) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is ( $$68.0^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$$ 68 . 0 - 3.7 + 6.3 ) electrons/keV. The $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at ( $$2.83\,\pm \,0.02$$ 2.83 ± 0.02 ) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
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spelling doaj.art-637738a0b4d6429daf9ce87987ac45362023-07-23T11:23:48ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522023-06-0183611510.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11512-zLow-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar sourceE. Aprile0K. Abe1F. Agostini2S. Ahmed Maouloud3M. Alfonsi4L. Althueser5B. Andrieu6E. Angelino7J. R. Angevaare8V. C. Antochi9D. Antón Martin10F. Arneodo11L. Baudis12A. L. Baxter13L. Bellagamba14R. Biondi15A. Bismark16A. Brown17S. Bruenner18G. Bruno19R. Budnik20T. K. Bui21C. Cai22C. Capelli23J. M. R. Cardoso24D. Cichon25A. P. Colijn26J. Conrad27J. J. Cuenca-García28J. P. Cussonneau29V. D’Andrea30M. P. Decowski31P. Di Gangi32S. Di Pede33S. Diglio34K. Eitel35A. Elykov36S. Farrell37A. D. Ferella38C. Ferrari39H. Fischer40W. Fulgione41P. Gaemers42R. Gaior43A. Gallo Rosso44M. Galloway45F. Gao46R. Glade-Beucke47L. Grandi48J. Grigat49M. Guida50R. Hammann51A. Higuera52C. Hils53L. Hoetzsch54J. Howlett55M. Iacovacci56Y. Itow57J. Jakob58F. Joerg59A. Joy60N. Kato61M. Kara62P. Kavrigin63S. Kazama64M. Kobayashi65G. Koltman66A. Kopec67F. Kuger68H. Landsman69R. F. Lang70L. Levinson71I. Li72S. Li73S. Liang74S. Lindemann75M. Lindner76K. Liu77J. Loizeau78F. Lombardi79J. Long80J. A. M. Lopes81Y. Ma82C. Macolino83J. Mahlstedt84A. Mancuso85L. Manenti86F. Marignetti87T. Marrodán Undagoitia88K. Martens89J. Masbou90D. Masson91E. Masson92S. Mastroianni93M. Messina94K. Miuchi95K. Mizukoshi96A. Molinario97S. Moriyama98K. Morå99Y. Mosbacher100M. Murra101J. Müller102K. Ni103U. Oberlack104B. Paetsch105J. Palacio106R. Peres107C. Peters108J. Pienaar109M. Pierre110V. Pizzella111G. Plante112J. Qi113J. Qin114D. Ramírez García115S. Reichard116A. Rocchetti117N. Rupp118L. Sanchez119P. Sanchez-Lucas120J. M. F. dos Santos121I. Sarnoff122G. Sartorelli123J. Schreiner124D. Schulte125P. Schulte126H. Schulze Eißing127M. Schumann128L. Scotto Lavina129M. Selvi130F. Semeria131P. Shagin132S. Shi133E. Shockley134M. Silva135H. Simgen136A. Takeda137P.-L. Tan138A. Terliuk139D. Thers140F. Toschi141G. Trinchero142C. Tunnell143F. Tönnies144K. Valerius145G. Volta146C. Weinheimer147M. Weiss148D. Wenz149C. Wittweg150T. Wolf151D. Xu152Z. Xu153M. Yamashita154L. Yang155J. Ye156L. Yuan157G. Zavattini158S. Zerbo159M. Zhong160T. Zhu161C. Geppert162J. Riemer163XENON CollaborationPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3Institut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-TorinoNikhef and the University of AmsterdamDepartment of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaDepartment of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of ChicagoNew York University Abu Dhabi, Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary PhysicsPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstitutePhysik-Institut, University of ZürichPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgNikhef and the University of AmsterdamSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoDepartment of Physics, Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua UniversityPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichLIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of CoimbraMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikNikhef and the University of AmsterdamDepartment of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstituteNikhef and the University of AmsterdamDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaNikhef and the University of AmsterdamSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesInstitute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstituteINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstitutePhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgINAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-TorinoNikhef and the University of AmsterdamLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichDepartment of Physics, Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua UniversityPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgDepartment of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of ChicagoPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityInstitut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-NapoliKobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikDepartment of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoInstitute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceKobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityKobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya UniversityDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikDepartment of Physics, Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua UniversitySUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesInstitut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDepartment of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of ChicagoLIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of CoimbraDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstituteDepartment of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaNew York University Abu Dhabi, Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary PhysicsDepartment of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-NapoliMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-NapoliINFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science InstituteDepartment of Physics, Kobe UniversityDepartment of Physics, Kobe UniversityINAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-TorinoKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of SciencePhysics Department, Columbia UniversityPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoInstitut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityDepartment of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of ChicagoSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue UniversityPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichInstitute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichLIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of CoimbraNew York University Abu Dhabi, Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary PhysicsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaInstitut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoLIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of CoimbraMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoDepartment of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNovaMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de NantesPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgINAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-TorinoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rice UniversityPhysikalisches Institut, Universität FreiburgInstitute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceInstitut für Physik & Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzPhysik-Institut, University of ZürichMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityKamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of TokyoDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of ChicagoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-BolognaPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physics, University of California San DiegoPhysics Department, Columbia UniversityForschungsreaktor TRIGA Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzForschungsreaktor TRIGA Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzAbstract A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be ( $$32.3\,\pm \,0.3$$ 32.3 ± 0.3 ) photons/keV and ( $$40.6\,\pm \,0.5$$ 40.6 ± 0.5 ) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is ( $$68.0^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$$ 68 . 0 - 3.7 + 6.3 ) electrons/keV. The $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at ( $$2.83\,\pm \,0.02$$ 2.83 ± 0.02 ) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that $${}^{37}$$ 37 Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11512-z
spellingShingle E. Aprile
K. Abe
F. Agostini
S. Ahmed Maouloud
M. Alfonsi
L. Althueser
B. Andrieu
E. Angelino
J. R. Angevaare
V. C. Antochi
D. Antón Martin
F. Arneodo
L. Baudis
A. L. Baxter
L. Bellagamba
R. Biondi
A. Bismark
A. Brown
S. Bruenner
G. Bruno
R. Budnik
T. K. Bui
C. Cai
C. Capelli
J. M. R. Cardoso
D. Cichon
A. P. Colijn
J. Conrad
J. J. Cuenca-García
J. P. Cussonneau
V. D’Andrea
M. P. Decowski
P. Di Gangi
S. Di Pede
S. Diglio
K. Eitel
A. Elykov
S. Farrell
A. D. Ferella
C. Ferrari
H. Fischer
W. Fulgione
P. Gaemers
R. Gaior
A. Gallo Rosso
M. Galloway
F. Gao
R. Glade-Beucke
L. Grandi
J. Grigat
M. Guida
R. Hammann
A. Higuera
C. Hils
L. Hoetzsch
J. Howlett
M. Iacovacci
Y. Itow
J. Jakob
F. Joerg
A. Joy
N. Kato
M. Kara
P. Kavrigin
S. Kazama
M. Kobayashi
G. Koltman
A. Kopec
F. Kuger
H. Landsman
R. F. Lang
L. Levinson
I. Li
S. Li
S. Liang
S. Lindemann
M. Lindner
K. Liu
J. Loizeau
F. Lombardi
J. Long
J. A. M. Lopes
Y. Ma
C. Macolino
J. Mahlstedt
A. Mancuso
L. Manenti
F. Marignetti
T. Marrodán Undagoitia
K. Martens
J. Masbou
D. Masson
E. Masson
S. Mastroianni
M. Messina
K. Miuchi
K. Mizukoshi
A. Molinario
S. Moriyama
K. Morå
Y. Mosbacher
M. Murra
J. Müller
K. Ni
U. Oberlack
B. Paetsch
J. Palacio
R. Peres
C. Peters
J. Pienaar
M. Pierre
V. Pizzella
G. Plante
J. Qi
J. Qin
D. Ramírez García
S. Reichard
A. Rocchetti
N. Rupp
L. Sanchez
P. Sanchez-Lucas
J. M. F. dos Santos
I. Sarnoff
G. Sartorelli
J. Schreiner
D. Schulte
P. Schulte
H. Schulze Eißing
M. Schumann
L. Scotto Lavina
M. Selvi
F. Semeria
P. Shagin
S. Shi
E. Shockley
M. Silva
H. Simgen
A. Takeda
P.-L. Tan
A. Terliuk
D. Thers
F. Toschi
G. Trinchero
C. Tunnell
F. Tönnies
K. Valerius
G. Volta
C. Weinheimer
M. Weiss
D. Wenz
C. Wittweg
T. Wolf
D. Xu
Z. Xu
M. Yamashita
L. Yang
J. Ye
L. Yuan
G. Zavattini
S. Zerbo
M. Zhong
T. Zhu
C. Geppert
J. Riemer
XENON Collaboration
Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
title_full Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
title_fullStr Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
title_full_unstemmed Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
title_short Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\textbf {37}}}$$ 37 Ar source
title_sort low energy calibration of xenon1t with an internal textbf 37 37 ar source
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11512-z
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