Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization
In this study, a fast, concise and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UHPLC/FLD) detection method for simultaneous quantification of avermectins (AVMs), including avermectin (AVM), ivermectin (IVM), emamectin (EMM), moxidectin (MOX) and doramectin (DOR) in six aquati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Separations |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/2/86 |
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| author | Ruyu Sun Yongtao Liu Xiaohui Ai Xiangxuan Du Xiaoyi Zhang |
| author_facet | Ruyu Sun Yongtao Liu Xiaohui Ai Xiangxuan Du Xiaoyi Zhang |
| author_sort | Ruyu Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a fast, concise and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UHPLC/FLD) detection method for simultaneous quantification of avermectins (AVMs), including avermectin (AVM), ivermectin (IVM), emamectin (EMM), moxidectin (MOX) and doramectin (DOR) in six aquatic foods was established. Based on the QuEChERS pretreatment method, the samples were extracted with 0.2% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ammonia acetonitrile. N-methyl imidazole mixed with acetonitrile (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and trifluoroacetic anhydride with acetonitrile (1:2, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) were used as derivatization reagents. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and water with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. An Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column was used for optimum chromatographic separation of target analytes at 40 °C; the excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 365 nm and 465 nm, respectively. In six kinds of aquatic foods, the limits of detection (LODs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 2.7 μg/kg, 1.8 μg/kg, 2.1 μg/kg, 1.2 μg/kg, and 2.7 μg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 3.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were all above 85.38% when the samples were spiked with the target compounds at the concentration level of 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 15%. This method considers the requirements of sensitivity, accuracy, and economics of the instrument. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:09:51Z |
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| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:09:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-637a5bb0a0fd49b895b6bf09360dcc282023-11-16T23:14:09ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-01-011028610.3390/separations10020086Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn DerivatizationRuyu Sun0Yongtao Liu1Xiaohui Ai2Xiangxuan Du3Xiaoyi Zhang4College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121000, ChinaIn this study, a fast, concise and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UHPLC/FLD) detection method for simultaneous quantification of avermectins (AVMs), including avermectin (AVM), ivermectin (IVM), emamectin (EMM), moxidectin (MOX) and doramectin (DOR) in six aquatic foods was established. Based on the QuEChERS pretreatment method, the samples were extracted with 0.2% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ammonia acetonitrile. N-methyl imidazole mixed with acetonitrile (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and trifluoroacetic anhydride with acetonitrile (1:2, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) were used as derivatization reagents. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and water with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. An Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column was used for optimum chromatographic separation of target analytes at 40 °C; the excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 365 nm and 465 nm, respectively. In six kinds of aquatic foods, the limits of detection (LODs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 2.7 μg/kg, 1.8 μg/kg, 2.1 μg/kg, 1.2 μg/kg, and 2.7 μg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 3.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were all above 85.38% when the samples were spiked with the target compounds at the concentration level of 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 15%. This method considers the requirements of sensitivity, accuracy, and economics of the instrument.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/2/86analytesaquacultureUHPLC-FLDmulticlassveterinary drug residues |
| spellingShingle | Ruyu Sun Yongtao Liu Xiaohui Ai Xiangxuan Du Xiaoyi Zhang Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization Separations analytes aquaculture UHPLC-FLD multiclass veterinary drug residues |
| title | Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization |
| title_full | Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization |
| title_short | Simultaneous Quantification of Avermectins in Six Aquatic Foods by UHPLC/FLD with Precolumn Derivatization |
| title_sort | simultaneous quantification of avermectins in six aquatic foods by uhplc fld with precolumn derivatization |
| topic | analytes aquaculture UHPLC-FLD multiclass veterinary drug residues |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/2/86 |
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