Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study
Ophthalmic examination is essential in the avian triage process in order to apply prompt therapeutic plans and evaluate rehabilitation potential. Fundoscopy is traditionally performed by direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. Recent technological developments have enabled the design of a small-sized and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2429 |
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| author | Aure-Eline Grillot Thomas Coutant Eva Louste Cécile Le Barzic Pascal Arné Guillaume Payen Minh Huynh |
| author_facet | Aure-Eline Grillot Thomas Coutant Eva Louste Cécile Le Barzic Pascal Arné Guillaume Payen Minh Huynh |
| author_sort | Aure-Eline Grillot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ophthalmic examination is essential in the avian triage process in order to apply prompt therapeutic plans and evaluate rehabilitation potential. Fundoscopy is traditionally performed by direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. Recent technological developments have enabled the design of a small-sized and affordable retinal imaging system to examine the fundus. We investigate the use of a smartphone-based device to realize fundus examination through a prospective cross-sectional observational study. Seventy-seven eyes of 39 birds of 15 different species were evaluated using the smartphone-based device in a rescue wildlife center. Pupil dilation was achieved prior to examination via rocuronium topical application. Assessment of fundus by the smartphone was classified as satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, and unsatisfactory. Fundus examination was also performed with a 20D, 30D, or 78D lens for comparison. Pupillary dilation was satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, or absent in 17, 32, and 28 eyes, respectively. Fundus examination with the smartphone-based device was satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, or unsatisfactory in 44, 15, and 18 eyes, respectively. The feasibility of the fundus examination was affected by the form of the globe; by the quality of pupil dilation; by the color of the iris (images could not be obtained from species with an orange, bright iris); and by the species, with owls (Strigiformes) being the easiest to observe. Based on these findings, fundus examination was feasible in most bird species examined in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-637db27a6dec4bc69ef62d4c901169e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:55:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-637db27a6dec4bc69ef62d4c901169e82023-11-23T14:42:45ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-09-011218242910.3390/ani12182429Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot StudyAure-Eline Grillot0Thomas Coutant1Eva Louste2Cécile Le Barzic3Pascal Arné4Guillaume Payen5Minh Huynh6Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, FranceDepartment of Exotic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, FranceDepartment of Exotic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, FranceCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, FranceDepartment of Exotic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, FranceOphthalmic examination is essential in the avian triage process in order to apply prompt therapeutic plans and evaluate rehabilitation potential. Fundoscopy is traditionally performed by direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. Recent technological developments have enabled the design of a small-sized and affordable retinal imaging system to examine the fundus. We investigate the use of a smartphone-based device to realize fundus examination through a prospective cross-sectional observational study. Seventy-seven eyes of 39 birds of 15 different species were evaluated using the smartphone-based device in a rescue wildlife center. Pupil dilation was achieved prior to examination via rocuronium topical application. Assessment of fundus by the smartphone was classified as satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, and unsatisfactory. Fundus examination was also performed with a 20D, 30D, or 78D lens for comparison. Pupillary dilation was satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, or absent in 17, 32, and 28 eyes, respectively. Fundus examination with the smartphone-based device was satisfactory, moderately satisfactory, or unsatisfactory in 44, 15, and 18 eyes, respectively. The feasibility of the fundus examination was affected by the form of the globe; by the quality of pupil dilation; by the color of the iris (images could not be obtained from species with an orange, bright iris); and by the species, with owls (Strigiformes) being the easiest to observe. Based on these findings, fundus examination was feasible in most bird species examined in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2429fundus imagingbirdssmartphone-based devicePeek Retinatawny owlsrock pigeons |
| spellingShingle | Aure-Eline Grillot Thomas Coutant Eva Louste Cécile Le Barzic Pascal Arné Guillaume Payen Minh Huynh Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study Animals fundus imaging birds smartphone-based device Peek Retina tawny owls rock pigeons |
| title | Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Use of a Smartphone-Based Device for Fundus Examination in Birds: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | use of a smartphone based device for fundus examination in birds a pilot study |
| topic | fundus imaging birds smartphone-based device Peek Retina tawny owls rock pigeons |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2429 |
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