Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals
Silicon photomultipliers are relatively new devices designed as a matrix of single-photon avalanche detectors, which have become popular for their miniature dimensions and low operating voltage. Their superior sensitivity allows detecting low-photon-count optical pulses, e.g., in ranging and LIDAR a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9134 |
| _version_ | 1827642478148190208 |
|---|---|
| author | Zdenek Kolka Peter Barcik Viera Biolkova |
| author_facet | Zdenek Kolka Peter Barcik Viera Biolkova |
| author_sort | Zdenek Kolka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silicon photomultipliers are relatively new devices designed as a matrix of single-photon avalanche detectors, which have become popular for their miniature dimensions and low operating voltage. Their superior sensitivity allows detecting low-photon-count optical pulses, e.g., in ranging and LIDAR applications. The output signal of the photomultiplier is a non-stationary stochastic process, from which a weak periodic pulse can be extracted by means of statistical processing. Using the double-exponential approximation of output avalanche pulses the paper presents a simple analytical solution to the mean and variance of the stochastic process. It is shown that even for an ideal square optical pulse the rising edge of the statistically detected signal is longer than the edge of individual avalanche pulses. The knowledge of the detected waveform can be used to design an optimum laser pulse waveform or algorithms for estimating the time of arrival. The experimental section demonstrates the proposed procedure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-638421aa40c4457ab2fd05b3f420f88f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-638421aa40c4457ab2fd05b3f420f88f2023-11-24T12:09:03ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012223913410.3390/s22239134Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output SignalsZdenek Kolka0Peter Barcik1Viera Biolkova2Department of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech RepublicSilicon photomultipliers are relatively new devices designed as a matrix of single-photon avalanche detectors, which have become popular for their miniature dimensions and low operating voltage. Their superior sensitivity allows detecting low-photon-count optical pulses, e.g., in ranging and LIDAR applications. The output signal of the photomultiplier is a non-stationary stochastic process, from which a weak periodic pulse can be extracted by means of statistical processing. Using the double-exponential approximation of output avalanche pulses the paper presents a simple analytical solution to the mean and variance of the stochastic process. It is shown that even for an ideal square optical pulse the rising edge of the statistically detected signal is longer than the edge of individual avalanche pulses. The knowledge of the detected waveform can be used to design an optimum laser pulse waveform or algorithms for estimating the time of arrival. The experimental section demonstrates the proposed procedure.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9134silicon photomultipliernon-stationary Poisson processcorrelated averagingrange finding |
| spellingShingle | Zdenek Kolka Peter Barcik Viera Biolkova Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals Sensors silicon photomultiplier non-stationary Poisson process correlated averaging range finding |
| title | Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals |
| title_full | Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals |
| title_fullStr | Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals |
| title_short | Statistical Analysis of Silicon Photomultiplier Output Signals |
| title_sort | statistical analysis of silicon photomultiplier output signals |
| topic | silicon photomultiplier non-stationary Poisson process correlated averaging range finding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9134 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zdenekkolka statisticalanalysisofsiliconphotomultiplieroutputsignals AT peterbarcik statisticalanalysisofsiliconphotomultiplieroutputsignals AT vierabiolkova statisticalanalysisofsiliconphotomultiplieroutputsignals |