Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland
We present a modeling tool capable of computing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes over a non-uniform boreal peatland. The three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model is based on the “one-and-a-half” closure scheme of the system of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes and continuity equ...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/625 |
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| author | Iuliia Mukhartova Julia Kurbatova Denis Tarasov Ravil Gibadullin Andrey Sogachev Alexander Olchev |
| author_facet | Iuliia Mukhartova Julia Kurbatova Denis Tarasov Ravil Gibadullin Andrey Sogachev Alexander Olchev |
| author_sort | Iuliia Mukhartova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a modeling tool capable of computing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes over a non-uniform boreal peatland. The three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model is based on the “one-and-a-half” closure scheme of the system of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes and continuity equations. Despite simplifications used in the turbulence description, the model allowed obtaining the spatial steady-state distribution of the averaged wind velocities and coefficients of turbulent exchange within the atmospheric surface layer, taking into account the surface heterogeneity. The spatial pattern of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes within and above a plant canopy is derived using the “diffusion–reaction–advection” equation. The model was applied to estimate the spatial heterogeneity of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over a non-uniform boreal ombrotrophic peatland, Staroselsky Moch, in the Tver region of European Russia. The modeling results showed a significant effect of vegetation heterogeneity on the spatial pattern of vertical and horizontal wind components and on vertical and horizontal CO<sub>2</sub> flux distributions. Maximal airflow disturbances were detected in the near-surface layer at the windward and leeward forest edges. The forest edges were also characterized by maximum rates of horizontal CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. Modeled turbulent CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were compared with the mid-day eddy covariance flux measurements in the southern part of the peatland. A very good agreement of modeled and measured fluxes (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was found. Comparisons of the vertical profiles of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over the entire peatland area and at the flux tower location showed significant differences between these fluxes, depending on the prevailing wind direction and the height above the ground. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6388377dea824589af604762f3d9c945 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-6388377dea824589af604762f3d9c9452023-11-17T18:16:32ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-03-0114462510.3390/atmos14040625Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal PeatlandIuliia Mukhartova0Julia Kurbatova1Denis Tarasov2Ravil Gibadullin3Andrey Sogachev4Alexander Olchev5Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky Prospekt 33, 119071 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky Prospekt 33, 119071 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, RussiaWe present a modeling tool capable of computing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes over a non-uniform boreal peatland. The three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model is based on the “one-and-a-half” closure scheme of the system of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes and continuity equations. Despite simplifications used in the turbulence description, the model allowed obtaining the spatial steady-state distribution of the averaged wind velocities and coefficients of turbulent exchange within the atmospheric surface layer, taking into account the surface heterogeneity. The spatial pattern of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes within and above a plant canopy is derived using the “diffusion–reaction–advection” equation. The model was applied to estimate the spatial heterogeneity of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over a non-uniform boreal ombrotrophic peatland, Staroselsky Moch, in the Tver region of European Russia. The modeling results showed a significant effect of vegetation heterogeneity on the spatial pattern of vertical and horizontal wind components and on vertical and horizontal CO<sub>2</sub> flux distributions. Maximal airflow disturbances were detected in the near-surface layer at the windward and leeward forest edges. The forest edges were also characterized by maximum rates of horizontal CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. Modeled turbulent CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes were compared with the mid-day eddy covariance flux measurements in the southern part of the peatland. A very good agreement of modeled and measured fluxes (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86, <i>p</i> < 0.05) was found. Comparisons of the vertical profiles of CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over the entire peatland area and at the flux tower location showed significant differences between these fluxes, depending on the prevailing wind direction and the height above the ground.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/625atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fluxesthree-dimensional (3D) modelvegetation heterogeneitypeatland ecosystemeddy covariance |
| spellingShingle | Iuliia Mukhartova Julia Kurbatova Denis Tarasov Ravil Gibadullin Andrey Sogachev Alexander Olchev Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland Atmosphere atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes three-dimensional (3D) model vegetation heterogeneity peatland ecosystem eddy covariance |
| title | Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland |
| title_full | Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland |
| title_short | Modeling Tool for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Fluxes over a Non-Uniform Boreal Peatland |
| title_sort | modeling tool for estimating carbon dioxide fluxes over a non uniform boreal peatland |
| topic | atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes three-dimensional (3D) model vegetation heterogeneity peatland ecosystem eddy covariance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/625 |
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