Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids
Spent catalysts produced by oil refinery industries are regarded as an important secondary source for valuable metals. In particular, spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts represent a potential source for rare earth elements (REEs). This study aimed to exploit the leachability of spent FCC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/1090 |
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| author | Melisa Pramesti Dewi Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Naoko Okibe |
| author_facet | Melisa Pramesti Dewi Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Naoko Okibe |
| author_sort | Melisa Pramesti Dewi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spent catalysts produced by oil refinery industries are regarded as an important secondary source for valuable metals. In particular, spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts represent a potential source for rare earth elements (REEs). This study aimed to exploit the leachability of spent FCC catalysts as a secondary source for La, by using an alternative organic acid lixiviant produced under optimized fungal fermentation conditions. The first chemical leaching tests revealed that citric acid (>100 mM) is a comparable alternative lixiviant to conventional inorganic acids (1 M) and that the La dissolution behavior changed significantly with different types of organic acids. The initial fungal fermentation conditions (e.g., inoculum level, substrate concentration, pH) largely affected the resultant biogenic acid composition, and its manipulation was possible in order to almost solely ferment citric acid (~130 mM) while controlling the production of unwanted oxalic acid. The performance of actual biogenic acids (direct use of cell-free spent media) and artificially reconstituted biogenic acids (a mixture of chemical reagents) was nearly identical, achieving a final La dissolution of ~74% at a pulp density of 5%. Overall, the microbiological fermentation of organic acids could become a promising approach to supply an efficient and environmentally benign alternative lixiviant for REE scavenging from spent FCC catalyst wastes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63897705f15e4228a4f43421bd483c8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-63897705f15e4228a4f43421bd483c8a2023-11-20T14:24:00ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-09-01109109010.3390/catal10091090Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic AcidsMelisa Pramesti Dewi0Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus1Naoko Okibe2Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanSpent catalysts produced by oil refinery industries are regarded as an important secondary source for valuable metals. In particular, spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts represent a potential source for rare earth elements (REEs). This study aimed to exploit the leachability of spent FCC catalysts as a secondary source for La, by using an alternative organic acid lixiviant produced under optimized fungal fermentation conditions. The first chemical leaching tests revealed that citric acid (>100 mM) is a comparable alternative lixiviant to conventional inorganic acids (1 M) and that the La dissolution behavior changed significantly with different types of organic acids. The initial fungal fermentation conditions (e.g., inoculum level, substrate concentration, pH) largely affected the resultant biogenic acid composition, and its manipulation was possible in order to almost solely ferment citric acid (~130 mM) while controlling the production of unwanted oxalic acid. The performance of actual biogenic acids (direct use of cell-free spent media) and artificially reconstituted biogenic acids (a mixture of chemical reagents) was nearly identical, achieving a final La dissolution of ~74% at a pulp density of 5%. Overall, the microbiological fermentation of organic acids could become a promising approach to supply an efficient and environmentally benign alternative lixiviant for REE scavenging from spent FCC catalyst wastes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/1090spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalystrare earth element (REE)lanthanum (La)citric acidfermentationfungi |
| spellingShingle | Melisa Pramesti Dewi Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Naoko Okibe Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids Catalysts spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst rare earth element (REE) lanthanum (La) citric acid fermentation fungi |
| title | Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids |
| title_full | Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids |
| title_fullStr | Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids |
| title_short | Recovering Secondary REE Value from Spent Oil Refinery Catalysts Using Biogenic Organic Acids |
| title_sort | recovering secondary ree value from spent oil refinery catalysts using biogenic organic acids |
| topic | spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst rare earth element (REE) lanthanum (La) citric acid fermentation fungi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/9/1090 |
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