Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies
Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in various plants. It acts as a stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even an aid in pain management, and is found in several over-the-counter medications. This naturally derived bioactive compound is the best-known ingredient in coffee and o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/8/1067 |
| _version_ | 1797583557365858304 |
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| author | Sofia M. Saraiva Telma A. Jacinto Ana C. Gonçalves Dário Gaspar Luís R. Silva |
| author_facet | Sofia M. Saraiva Telma A. Jacinto Ana C. Gonçalves Dário Gaspar Luís R. Silva |
| author_sort | Sofia M. Saraiva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in various plants. It acts as a stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even an aid in pain management, and is found in several over-the-counter medications. This naturally derived bioactive compound is the best-known ingredient in coffee and other beverages, such as tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks, and is widely consumed worldwide. Therefore, it is extremely important to research the effects of this substance on the human body. With this in mind, caffeine and its derivatives have been extensively studied to evaluate its ability to prevent diseases and exert anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. This review is intended to provide an overview of caffeine’s effects on cancer and cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, among others. The heavily researched area of caffeine in sports will also be discussed. Finally, recent advances in the development of novel nanocarrier-based formulations, to enhance the bioavailability of caffeine and its beneficial effects will be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:39:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-638fa86260ac44d4bcce7303cbfcf141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:39:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-638fa86260ac44d4bcce7303cbfcf1412023-11-19T02:33:23ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-07-01168106710.3390/ph16081067Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery StrategiesSofia M. Saraiva0Telma A. Jacinto1Ana C. Gonçalves2Dário Gaspar3Luís R. Silva4CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, PortugalCPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalCPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, PortugalCaffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in various plants. It acts as a stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even an aid in pain management, and is found in several over-the-counter medications. This naturally derived bioactive compound is the best-known ingredient in coffee and other beverages, such as tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks, and is widely consumed worldwide. Therefore, it is extremely important to research the effects of this substance on the human body. With this in mind, caffeine and its derivatives have been extensively studied to evaluate its ability to prevent diseases and exert anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. This review is intended to provide an overview of caffeine’s effects on cancer and cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases, among others. The heavily researched area of caffeine in sports will also be discussed. Finally, recent advances in the development of novel nanocarrier-based formulations, to enhance the bioavailability of caffeine and its beneficial effects will be discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/8/1067caffeinehealth benefitsathletic effectsdietary supplementsnanocarriers |
| spellingShingle | Sofia M. Saraiva Telma A. Jacinto Ana C. Gonçalves Dário Gaspar Luís R. Silva Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies Pharmaceuticals caffeine health benefits athletic effects dietary supplements nanocarriers |
| title | Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies |
| title_full | Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies |
| title_short | Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies |
| title_sort | overview of caffeine effects on human health and emerging delivery strategies |
| topic | caffeine health benefits athletic effects dietary supplements nanocarriers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/8/1067 |
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