Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives
Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) has come to establish itself as a mandatory routine in clinical practice. At the same time, the mycological diagnosis seems to have headed in the direction of non-culture-based methodologies. The downside of these developments is that the strains that cause th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/197 |
| _version_ | 1797542047217876992 |
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| author | Guillermo Garcia-Effron |
| author_facet | Guillermo Garcia-Effron |
| author_sort | Guillermo Garcia-Effron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) has come to establish itself as a mandatory routine in clinical practice. At the same time, the mycological diagnosis seems to have headed in the direction of non-culture-based methodologies. The downside of these developments is that the strains that cause these infections are not able to be studied for their sensitivity to antifungals. Therefore, at present, the mycological diagnosis is correctly based on laboratory evidence, but the antifungal treatment is undergoing a growing tendency to revert back to being empirical, as it was in the last century. One of the explored options to circumvent these problems is to couple non-cultured based diagnostics with molecular-based detection of intrinsically resistant organisms and the identification of molecular mechanisms of resistance (secondary resistance). The aim of this work is to review the available molecular tools for antifungal resistance detection, their limitations, and their advantages. A comprehensive description of commercially available and in-house methods is included. In addition, gaps in the development of these molecular technologies are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:25:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63a9897e83f54f0481396d1c5cc0839e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:25:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-63a9897e83f54f0481396d1c5cc0839e2023-11-21T09:44:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-03-017319710.3390/jof7030197Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future PerspectivesGuillermo Garcia-Effron0Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe CP3000, ArgentinaAntifungal susceptibility testing (AST) has come to establish itself as a mandatory routine in clinical practice. At the same time, the mycological diagnosis seems to have headed in the direction of non-culture-based methodologies. The downside of these developments is that the strains that cause these infections are not able to be studied for their sensitivity to antifungals. Therefore, at present, the mycological diagnosis is correctly based on laboratory evidence, but the antifungal treatment is undergoing a growing tendency to revert back to being empirical, as it was in the last century. One of the explored options to circumvent these problems is to couple non-cultured based diagnostics with molecular-based detection of intrinsically resistant organisms and the identification of molecular mechanisms of resistance (secondary resistance). The aim of this work is to review the available molecular tools for antifungal resistance detection, their limitations, and their advantages. A comprehensive description of commercially available and in-house methods is included. In addition, gaps in the development of these molecular technologies are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/197antifungal resistancemolecular toolsintrinsic resistancesecondary resistanceCyp51AFKS |
| spellingShingle | Guillermo Garcia-Effron Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives Journal of Fungi antifungal resistance molecular tools intrinsic resistance secondary resistance Cyp51A FKS |
| title | Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Molecular Markers of Antifungal Resistance: Potential Uses in Routine Practice and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | molecular markers of antifungal resistance potential uses in routine practice and future perspectives |
| topic | antifungal resistance molecular tools intrinsic resistance secondary resistance Cyp51A FKS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/197 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guillermogarciaeffron molecularmarkersofantifungalresistancepotentialusesinroutinepracticeandfutureperspectives |