Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study
Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491/full |
| _version_ | 1818539223573069824 |
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| author | Antigoni Belekou Antigoni Belekou Charalabos Papageorgiou Efstratios Karavasilis Eleftheria Tsaltas Nikolaos Kelekis Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Nikolaos Smyrnis Nikolaos Smyrnis |
| author_facet | Antigoni Belekou Antigoni Belekou Charalabos Papageorgiou Efstratios Karavasilis Eleftheria Tsaltas Nikolaos Kelekis Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Nikolaos Smyrnis Nikolaos Smyrnis |
| author_sort | Antigoni Belekou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno’s like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:39:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63b45036f58f4dd8b5238c17c7f23556 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:39:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-63b45036f58f4dd8b5238c17c7f235562022-12-22T00:49:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782022-05-011310.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491850491Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI StudyAntigoni Belekou0Antigoni Belekou1Charalabos Papageorgiou2Efstratios Karavasilis3Eleftheria Tsaltas4Nikolaos Kelekis5Christoph Klein6Christoph Klein7Christoph Klein8Nikolaos Smyrnis9Nikolaos Smyrnis10Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Radiology, General University Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Radiology, General University Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Psychiatry, General University Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyLaboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, Athens, GreeceSecond Department of Psychiatry, General University Hospital “ATTIKON”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceParadoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno’s like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491/fullparadoxical syllogismdeductive reasoningfMRIfronto-parietal brain activation patternsfronto-temporal brain activation patterns |
| spellingShingle | Antigoni Belekou Antigoni Belekou Charalabos Papageorgiou Efstratios Karavasilis Eleftheria Tsaltas Nikolaos Kelekis Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Christoph Klein Nikolaos Smyrnis Nikolaos Smyrnis Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study Frontiers in Psychology paradoxical syllogism deductive reasoning fMRI fronto-parietal brain activation patterns fronto-temporal brain activation patterns |
| title | Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study |
| title_full | Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study |
| title_fullStr | Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study |
| title_short | Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study |
| title_sort | paradoxical reasoning an fmri study |
| topic | paradoxical syllogism deductive reasoning fMRI fronto-parietal brain activation patterns fronto-temporal brain activation patterns |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850491/full |
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