Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border
Polymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins involved in immune functions and the binding of malaria parasites to human host cells have been the focus of research in recent years, aiming to understand malaria pathogenesis and case severity and to exploit this knowledge to assert control over malaria...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| coleção: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/4/174 |
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| author | Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Wanna Chaijaroenkul Kesara Na-Bangchang |
| author_facet | Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Wanna Chaijaroenkul Kesara Na-Bangchang |
| author_sort | Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins involved in immune functions and the binding of malaria parasites to human host cells have been the focus of research in recent years, aiming to understand malaria pathogenesis and case severity and to exploit this knowledge to assert control over malaria. This study investigated the genetic diversity of the human host genes encoding proteins that are involved in immune functions and malaria parasite binding, i.e., MCP1 (−2518), TGFβ1 (−509), TNFα (−308), IL4 (VNTR), IL6 (−174), IL10 (−3575), TLR4 (299), CD36 (−188), and ICAM1 (469) in patients with mono-infection of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> infections in the multidrug-resistant areas along the Thai-Myanmar border. The association between gene polymorphisms and parasite density was also investigated. Genomic DNA (gDNA) of <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> were extracted from whole blood and dried blood spot (DBS). Gene amplification and genotyping were performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis, respectively. Of these samples, 178 and 209 samples were, respectively, mono-infection with <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i>. The ratio of <i>P. falciparum</i>: <i>P. vivax</i> was 46%:54%. Results showed marked variation in the frequency distribution and patterns of the genotypes and gene alleles of the nine immune response genes or human host genes. The SNPs of TGFβ1, IL10 and ICAM1, were significantly associated with <i>P. falciparum</i>, but not <i>P. vivax</i> parasite density. TGFβ1, IL10 and ICAM1, may play more significant roles in modulating <i>P. falciparum</i> than <i>P. vivax</i> parasitemia. The prevalence of the genotypes and gene alleles of these genes, including their association with parasite density, may vary depending on patient ethnicity and endemic areas. Information obtained from each endemic area is essential for treatment strategies and the development of vaccines for malaria prophylaxis in specific areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63b45dee753f4bc483ee68558d601de5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-63b45dee753f4bc483ee68558d601de52023-11-23T10:51:40ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662021-09-016417410.3390/tropicalmed6040174Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar borderKridsada Sirisabhabhorn0Wanna Chaijaroenkul1Kesara Na-Bangchang2Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, ThailandGraduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, ThailandGraduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, ThailandPolymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins involved in immune functions and the binding of malaria parasites to human host cells have been the focus of research in recent years, aiming to understand malaria pathogenesis and case severity and to exploit this knowledge to assert control over malaria. This study investigated the genetic diversity of the human host genes encoding proteins that are involved in immune functions and malaria parasite binding, i.e., MCP1 (−2518), TGFβ1 (−509), TNFα (−308), IL4 (VNTR), IL6 (−174), IL10 (−3575), TLR4 (299), CD36 (−188), and ICAM1 (469) in patients with mono-infection of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> infections in the multidrug-resistant areas along the Thai-Myanmar border. The association between gene polymorphisms and parasite density was also investigated. Genomic DNA (gDNA) of <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> were extracted from whole blood and dried blood spot (DBS). Gene amplification and genotyping were performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis, respectively. Of these samples, 178 and 209 samples were, respectively, mono-infection with <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i>. The ratio of <i>P. falciparum</i>: <i>P. vivax</i> was 46%:54%. Results showed marked variation in the frequency distribution and patterns of the genotypes and gene alleles of the nine immune response genes or human host genes. The SNPs of TGFβ1, IL10 and ICAM1, were significantly associated with <i>P. falciparum</i>, but not <i>P. vivax</i> parasite density. TGFβ1, IL10 and ICAM1, may play more significant roles in modulating <i>P. falciparum</i> than <i>P. vivax</i> parasitemia. The prevalence of the genotypes and gene alleles of these genes, including their association with parasite density, may vary depending on patient ethnicity and endemic areas. Information obtained from each endemic area is essential for treatment strategies and the development of vaccines for malaria prophylaxis in specific areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/4/174<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i><i>Plasmodium vivax</i>MCP1TGFβ1TNFαIL4 (VNTR) |
| spellingShingle | Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Wanna Chaijaroenkul Kesara Na-Bangchang Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> MCP1 TGFβ1 TNFα IL4 (VNTR) |
| title | Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity of Human Host Genes Involved in Immune Response and the Binding of Malaria Parasite in Patients Residing along the Thai-Myanmar border |
| title_sort | genetic diversity of human host genes involved in immune response and the binding of malaria parasite in patients residing along the thai myanmar border |
| topic | <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> MCP1 TGFβ1 TNFα IL4 (VNTR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/6/4/174 |
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